A male client is admitted to the mental health unit because he experiences panic attacks when driving on the freeway. To attempt to desensitize this fear, what action should the nurse encourage the client to implement?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Visualization techniques, such as visualizing himself driving each route to the freeway, are commonly used in desensitization therapy to help clients gradually overcome their fears. Watching videos of others driving or taking medication do not actively involve the client in facing their fear, which is essential in desensitization therapy. Getting in the car with a support person during rush hour may exacerbate the client's anxiety rather than help in desensitization.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bilirubin is a key serum laboratory value that is likely to be elevated in clients with jaundice. Jaundice is characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an excess of bilirubin, a breakdown product of hemoglobin. Elevated amylase levels are associated with pancreatic conditions, not specifically jaundice. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen are markers of kidney function and are not directly related to jaundice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Rifampin (Rifadin) commonly causes a reddish-orange discoloration of body fluids, including urine, sweat, saliva, and tears. This is a harmless side effect but should be reported to the healthcare provider for monitoring. Choices B, C, and D are not typically associated with rifampin therapy. Bloody or blood-tinged urine may indicate other issues such as urinary tract infection or kidney problems, blurring of vision may suggest eye problems, and significant weight gain could be related to various health conditions unrelated to rifampin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Refrain from sexual intercourse until your next appointment. Explanation: For a client with partial placenta previa at 32 weeks of pregnancy, it is crucial to avoid activities that can potentially disrupt the placenta and cause bleeding. Sexual intercourse can lead to trauma to the cervix, increasing the risk of bleeding in cases of placenta previa. This instruction is essential to prevent complications and ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby. Why others are wrong: A) Wearing a tight abdominal binder can increase pressure on the placenta, potentially leading to bleeding. It is not recommended in cases of placenta previa. B) Taking a daily laxative is unrelated to the management of partial placenta previa and may not be necessary or safe during pregnancy. D) Restricting fluids to less than 1000 ml per day can lead to dehydration, which is not advisable during pregnancy, especially with a condition like placenta previa that requires close monitoring of fluid status and blood loss. Educational context: Understanding the management of complications during pregnancy, such as placenta previa, is crucial for nurses in providing safe and effective care to pregnant clients. Educating clients about lifestyle modifications and activities to avoid is essential in preventing adverse outcomes and promoting maternal and fetal well-being. Nurses play a key role in patient education and must ensure that clients comprehend the rationale behind these instructions to comply with them effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Two to three soft bowel movements per day.' Lactulose is prescribed to produce soft, regular bowel movements to reduce ammonia levels in clients with cirrhosis. This helps in preventing hepatic encephalopathy. Option B is incorrect because increased serum ammonia levels would indicate that lactulose is not effectively reducing ammonia levels. Option C is incorrect because lactulose does not directly affect white blood cell counts. Option D is incorrect because soft, formed stools twice a day may not be frequent enough to effectively reduce ammonia levels in clients with cirrhosis.