HESI RN
HESI Pharmacology Practice Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A health care provider (HCP) writes a prescription for digoxin (Lanoxin), 0.25 mg daily. The nurse teaches the client about the medication and tells the client that it is important to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When taking digoxin, monitoring the pulse rate is essential due to its potential effects on heart rate. Digoxin can lead to bradycardia, where the pulse rate drops significantly. Withholding the medication and promptly contacting the healthcare provider if the pulse falls below 60 beats per minute is crucial to prevent severe complications and ensure appropriate management.
Question 2 of 5
The healthcare provider should anticipate that the most likely medication to be prescribed prophylactically for a child with spina bifida (myelomeningocele) who has a neurogenic bladder would be:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) Sulfisoxazole. In children with spina bifida (myelomeningocele) and neurogenic bladder, there is a risk of developing urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to incomplete bladder emptying. Sulfisoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic commonly used for UTI prophylaxis in this population. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the urinary tract, reducing the risk of UTIs. Option A) Prednisone is a corticosteroid used for its anti-inflammatory properties and would not be the first choice for UTI prophylaxis in this case. Option C) Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic used to treat fluid retention and edema by increasing urine output. It is not indicated for UTI prophylaxis. Option D) Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is used to boost the immune system in certain conditions but is not indicated for UTI prophylaxis in children with neurogenic bladder. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind selecting the appropriate medication for UTI prophylaxis in children with spina bifida and neurogenic bladder is crucial for providing safe and effective care to this vulnerable population. It highlights the importance of tailoring medication therapy to individual patient needs based on their underlying condition and associated risks.
Question 3 of 5
The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have applied sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun to allow them to penetrate the skin and provide optimal protection. Applying sunscreen in advance ensures it has enough time to be absorbed and offer the intended protection. It is important to reapply sunscreen after swimming or sweating to maintain its effectiveness.
Question 4 of 5
A client with severe acne is seen in the clinic, and the health care provider (HCP) prescribes isotretinoin. The nurse reviews the client's medication record and would contact the HCP if the client is taking which medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A, which can lead to toxicity when taken together. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid concurrent use of vitamin A supplements with isotretinoin. Contacting the HCP to discuss discontinuing vitamin A supplements is important to prevent potential adverse effects.
Question 5 of 5
A client is receiving an intravenous (IV) infusion of an antineoplastic medication. During the infusion, the client complains of pain at the insertion site. The nurse notes redness and swelling at the site, along with a slowed infusion rate. What is the appropriate action for the nurse to take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a client complains of pain at the IV insertion site, and there are signs of extravasation such as redness and swelling, it is crucial to notify the healthcare provider immediately. Extravasation of antineoplastic medications can cause tissue damage, pain, and necrosis if they escape into surrounding tissues. Prompt action is necessary to prevent further complications and ensure appropriate management of the situation.