A community health nurse is helping a group of nursing students plan a tertiary prevention program for a local community clinic that serves a majority Hispanic population. Which service project meets the requirement of a tertiary prevention program and would best serve this population?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option B: demonstrate foot care to a group of clients who have diabetes. This option aligns with tertiary prevention, which focuses on managing and reducing the impact of disease or injury. For individuals with diabetes, foot care is crucial to prevent complications like ulcers and amputations, making it an essential aspect of tertiary prevention. Option A, teaching clients about immunizations, pertains more to primary prevention by preventing the onset of disease. Option C, taking blood pressures, falls under secondary prevention as it aims to detect and treat conditions early. Option D, educating teens on STD prevention, also relates to primary prevention by aiming to prevent the initial occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases. In an educational context, understanding the levels of prevention in community health nursing is essential for students to effectively plan and implement programs that address the specific needs of diverse populations. By analyzing the different prevention levels and their applications in real-world scenarios, students can develop comprehensive and targeted intervention strategies to promote community health effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) retirement issues. When planning educational courses for older adults at a community center, addressing retirement issues is crucial because it directly impacts their healthcare needs. Retirement often brings about changes in insurance coverage, financial concerns, access to healthcare services, and social support systems, all of which play a significant role in maintaining their health and well-being. Option A) peer concerns may be important for social support but may not directly impact healthcare needs in the same way retirement issues do for older adults. Option B) adult daycare is more relevant for individuals requiring daily care or supervision, not necessarily all older adults. Option D) vocational concerns are typically more pertinent to working-age adults, not retirees, making it less relevant in this context. Educationally, understanding the unique healthcare needs of different age groups and addressing specific issues such as retirement can help community health nurses tailor their educational programs effectively, leading to better health outcomes for older adults in the community. By focusing on retirement issues, nurses can empower older adults to navigate healthcare systems, access appropriate services, and make informed decisions about their health as they age.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In community health nursing, conducting a thorough assessment is crucial before developing any intervention or program. The correct answer, option D, "target population data," is essential because it provides specific information about the children of migrant farm workers. This data helps the nurse understand the unique needs, challenges, and characteristics of the target group, allowing for tailored and effective interventions. Option A, "uncertain risks," is incorrect because the focus should be on known risks based on data rather than uncertainties. Option B, "potential outcomes," is also incorrect as it pertains to the anticipated results of the program rather than the foundational data needed for planning. Option C, "priority of solutions," is not the most critical at the initial planning stage; understanding the target population should precede determining solutions. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of evidence-based practice in community health nursing. Nurses need to gather and analyze relevant data about the population they serve to make informed decisions and develop interventions that address specific needs effectively. This process ensures that interventions are culturally sensitive, relevant, and impactful in improving health outcomes within the community.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, a 60-year-old homeless person who is an alcoholic and smokes, has the highest risk for developing community-acquired pneumonia. This individual faces multiple risk factors that increase susceptibility to pneumonia, such as compromised immune function due to alcoholism and smoking, poor living conditions contributing to exposure to pathogens, and potential malnutrition which weakens the body's defenses. Option A, the 40-year-old first-grade teacher, works with children but does not have the same level of high-risk behaviors or health conditions as option C. Option B, the 75-year-old retired secretary with exercise-induced wheezing, may have asthma or another respiratory condition that predisposes them to pneumonia, but the combination of risk factors in option C is more significant. Option D, the 35-year-old aerobics instructor who skips meals and eats only vegetables, does not exhibit the same level of risk factors as the homeless alcoholic smoker in option C. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding how various lifestyle factors and health conditions can impact an individual's susceptibility to infectious diseases like pneumonia. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to assess a patient's holistic health status when determining their risk for specific illnesses in a community health setting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer to this question is B) have you started any new prescriptions. This is the most important question for the nurse to ask because the symptoms of pain, redness, and swelling in the right eye could potentially be related to a new medication that the older adult client has started recently. Medications can sometimes cause adverse effects such as eye problems, and it is crucial for the nurse to investigate this possibility to ensure the client's safety and well-being. Option A) do you have any discharge from the eye is not the most important question in this scenario as discharge from the eye, while relevant, may not directly indicate the cause of the symptoms in this case. Option C) are all of your immunizations current is not the priority question at this moment as the client's current symptoms are more indicative of a potential acute issue that needs immediate attention. Option D) how often do you wash your hands is not directly related to the client's presenting symptoms and is not as urgent or relevant in this context compared to inquiring about new medications. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of thorough assessment and critical thinking in community health nursing. Nurses must prioritize questions based on the client's symptoms and potential causes to provide safe and effective care. Understanding the significance of medication history in assessing health issues is a key skill for nurses working in community health settings.