A client with pneumonia is prescribed antibiotics. What is the most important teaching point for the nurse to provide?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most important teaching point for a nurse to provide to a client with pneumonia who is prescribed antibiotics is option C: Explain the importance of completing the entire course of antibiotics. This is crucial because incomplete antibiotic courses can lead to treatment failure, recurrence of infection, and the development of antibiotic resistance. Option A: Instructing the client to rest as much as possible is important for recovery but not as critical as ensuring the antibiotics are taken correctly. Option B: Encouraging increased fluid intake to thin secretions is a good general recommendation for respiratory infections but does not address the specific importance of completing the antibiotic course. Option D: Instructing the client to stop taking antibiotics once symptoms subside is dangerous as it can lead to a relapse of the infection and potential antibiotic resistance. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind completing the full course of antibiotics is essential for nurses to effectively communicate this information to patients, promote adherence, and improve patient outcomes. It is also crucial for nurses to educate patients on the risks of antibiotic misuse and the importance of following prescribed treatment regimens to combat the global issue of antibiotic resistance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Assess for signs of hyperkalemia. When a client with heart failure is prescribed spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, the nurse's priority is to monitor for signs of hyperkalemia, a potential side effect of this medication. Hyperkalemia can lead to serious cardiac complications, especially in clients with heart failure. Option A) Monitor the client's potassium levels closely may seem like a valid intervention, but assessing for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia is more immediate and directly related to the client's well-being. Option C) Instruct the client to increase intake of potassium-rich foods is incorrect because clients on potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone need to limit their potassium intake to prevent hyperkalemia. Option D) Increase the client's fluid intake to prevent dehydration is not the priority when managing a client on spironolactone. While maintaining adequate fluid intake is important, it is not the priority over monitoring for potential hyperkalemia. Educationally, understanding the side effects and nursing considerations related to specific medications is crucial for providing safe and effective care to clients. Nurses must be able to prioritize interventions based on the client's condition and the potential risks associated with prescribed medications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Report any signs of increased redness or itching. When a client with psoriasis is prescribed topical corticosteroids, the nurse should monitor for signs of increased redness or itching as these can indicate a potential worsening of the condition or a possible allergic reaction to the medication. Option A) Monitor for weight gain and skin thinning is incorrect because these are not common side effects of topical corticosteroids. Weight gain and skin thinning are more commonly associated with systemic corticosteroid use. Option B) Assess for increased sensitivity to sunlight is incorrect as this is not a typical side effect of topical corticosteroids used to treat psoriasis. Option C) Monitor for hair loss and excessive bruising is incorrect because these are also not common side effects of topical corticosteroids used for psoriasis. Educationally, understanding the side effects of medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. By knowing the expected side effects of topical corticosteroids, nurses can monitor for and address any potential complications promptly, ensuring the best outcomes for their clients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D is correct because avoiding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) while on lithium is crucial to prevent lithium toxicity. NSAIDs can increase lithium levels in the blood, leading to toxicity. Option A is incorrect because taking lithium with meals does not specifically relate to lithium toxicity. Option B, while important for general monitoring of side effects, does not address the direct risk of lithium toxicity. Option C is partially correct as monitoring lithium levels and staying hydrated are important, but it does not address the specific interaction with NSAIDs that can lead to toxicity. Educationally, it is essential for nurses to understand the specific pharmacological interactions of medications like lithium to provide safe and effective care to clients with bipolar disorder. Teaching clients about potential drug interactions and toxicities empowers them to manage their medication regimen effectively and prevent harmful consequences.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of a client with a myocardial infarction prescribed nitroglycerin, the correct instruction for the nurse to provide is option D: "Limit nitroglycerin use to no more than three doses in 15 minutes." This instruction is crucial because nitroglycerin is a potent vasodilator that can cause a rapid drop in blood pressure. Taking excessive doses in a short period can lead to hypotension, which can be dangerous for the client. Option A is incorrect because nitroglycerin is not meant to be taken only during severe chest pain; it is also used prophylactically to prevent angina episodes. Option B is incorrect as nitroglycerin should be stored in its original container to maintain its potency, not in a dark container to protect it from light. Option C is incorrect because nitroglycerin is typically taken at the onset of chest pain, not necessarily before engaging in physical activity. Educationally, understanding the appropriate use of nitroglycerin is vital for nursing practice, especially in caring for clients with cardiac conditions. Nurses must ensure that clients are educated on the correct administration, dosage, and timing of nitroglycerin to promote optimal therapeutic effects and prevent potential complications.