HESI RN
Pharmacology HESI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril (Zestril). Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include in the teaching plan is to 'Report any swelling of the lips or face.' Lisinopril (Zestril) can cause angioedema, which is swelling of the lips or face. This is a serious side effect that should be reported immediately. Clients do not need to avoid potassium-rich foods unless instructed by their healthcare provider, should avoid taking the medication with grapefruit juice, and should monitor their blood pressure regularly, not just weekly.
Question 2 of 5
A client who is taking hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL, HCTZ) has been started on triamterene (Dyrenium) as well. The client asks the nurse why both medications are required. The nurse formulates a response, based on the understanding that:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The combination of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide is used because triamterene is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which helps retain potassium, while hydrochlorothiazide is a potassium-losing diuretic, which promotes potassium excretion. This combination helps balance potassium levels in the body, preventing imbalances that can occur when using potassium-losing diuretics alone.
Question 3 of 5
A healthcare professional is preparing to administer digoxin (Lanoxin), 0.125 mg orally, to a client with heart failure. Which vital sign is most important for the healthcare professional to check before administering the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before administering digoxin, it is essential to assess the client's heart rate as this medication directly affects cardiac function. Monitoring the heart rate helps identify if it is within the acceptable range for administering digoxin. A pulse rate below 60 beats per minute warrants withholding the medication to prevent potential adverse effects like bradycardia or cardiac arrhythmias.
Question 4 of 5
Megestrol acetate (Megace), an antineoplastic medication, is prescribed for a client with metastatic endometrial carcinoma. The nurse reviews the client's history and contacts the registered nurse if which diagnosis is documented in the client's history?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Megestrol acetate can increase the risk of thromboembolic events. Clients with a history of thrombophlebitis should not receive this medication due to the increased risk of thromboembolic events. Therefore, the nurse should contact the registered nurse if thrombophlebitis is documented in the client's history to ensure appropriate medication management.
Question 5 of 5
A client is receiving desmopressin acetate (DDAVP), and a healthcare provider is monitoring for adverse effects. Which of the following indicates the presence of an adverse effect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and the administration of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP), the correct answer is B) Drowsiness as an adverse effect. Desmopressin acetate is a synthetic analog of vasopressin, used to treat conditions like diabetes insipidus. Drowsiness is an adverse effect because desmopressin can affect the central nervous system, leading to sedation. Option A) Insomnia is incorrect because desmopressin is not known to cause insomnia; in fact, it can have the opposite effect due to its impact on the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. Option C) Weight loss is incorrect as desmopressin is not typically associated with weight loss. In fact, fluid retention is a more common effect of this medication. Option D) Increased urination is also incorrect because desmopressin works to decrease urine production, making it an expected therapeutic effect rather than an adverse one. Educationally, understanding the adverse effects of medications is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to ensure patient safety and well-being. It is essential to recognize and differentiate between expected therapeutic effects and potential adverse reactions to provide appropriate care and interventions for patients receiving pharmacological treatments.