A client with hyperparathyroidism has a serum calcium level of 13 mg/dL. Which medication should be prepared to administer as prescribed to the client?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The normal serum calcium level ranges from 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. In hypercalcemia, as seen in this client, Calcitonin (Miacalcin) is used to decrease plasma calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are typically used for hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. Large doses of vitamin D should be avoided in hypercalcemia as they can exacerbate hypercalcemia by increasing calcium absorption from the intestines.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Topical corticosteroids are medications that can be absorbed systemically, especially in areas where the skin is thinner or where there is increased blood flow. The axilla has thinner skin and increased blood flow compared to other body areas listed. As a result, applying the corticosteroid in the axilla can lead to increased systemic absorption, potentially causing systemic side effects like adrenal suppression or Cushing's syndrome. The back, soles of the feet, and palms of the hands have thicker skin and lower blood flow, making systemic absorption less likely in these areas. Therefore, monitoring for systemic effects is not as critical when the medication is applied to these body parts. In an educational context, understanding the factors influencing systemic absorption of medications is crucial for healthcare providers when prescribing or applying topical treatments. It helps them make informed decisions to minimize risks and maximize therapeutic benefits for their patients. This knowledge ensures safe and effective pharmacological interventions, enhancing patient care outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bleomycin, when administered intravenously, can lead to interstitial pneumonitis and potentially progress to pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, pulmonary function studies are essential to monitor lung function and detect any early signs of pulmonary toxicity. Other tests, such as regular pulmonary assessments, should also be conducted to ensure the safety and well-being of the client.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes. Vincristine, a vinca alkaloid chemotherapy agent, commonly causes peripheral neuropathy as a side effect. This neurotoxicity presents as numbness, tingling, or even pain in the extremities. Educationally, understanding the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents is crucial for nurses caring for oncology patients. Option A) Diarrhea is a common side effect of many chemotherapy drugs, but it is not specific to vincristine. Option B) Hair loss is a side effect seen with drugs like doxorubicin, not vincristine. Option C) Chest pain is not a typical side effect of vincristine but may be associated with other cardiac-related issues or chemotherapy agents like anthracyclines. In nursing practice, recognizing and monitoring for specific side effects of chemotherapy drugs are essential to ensure early detection and intervention, providing optimal care for patients undergoing cancer treatment. Nurses must be knowledgeable about potential side effects to provide comprehensive care and support for patients receiving chemotherapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is option A) "I can take aspirin or my antihistamine if I need it." This statement indicates a need for further teaching because it suggests the client may self-medicate with aspirin or antihistamines without consulting their healthcare provider. This is concerning as these medications may interact with prednisone or not be safe given the client's current health condition. Option B) "I need to take the medication every day at the same time" is correct as it demonstrates an understanding of the importance of medication adherence for optimal therapeutic effect. Option C) "I need to avoid coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate in my diet" is incorrect as there are no specific dietary restrictions associated with prednisone use. Option D) "If I gain more than 5 pounds a week, I will call my doctor" is incorrect as it shows an understanding of the need to monitor for side effects of prednisone, which is a crucial aspect of medication management. In an educational context, it is essential to emphasize the importance of clear communication with healthcare providers regarding medication use and potential interactions. Patients should be encouraged to always consult their healthcare provider before taking any additional medications or making significant changes to their diet or lifestyle while on prescribed medications like prednisone. This reinforces the principles of safe medication practices and patient-centered care.