A client with diabetes mellitus is being educated on the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which of the following symptoms should the client be instructed to report immediately?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Confusion is a critical symptom of hypoglycemia that indicates the brain is not receiving enough glucose, potentially leading to serious complications like unconsciousness or seizures. Immediate reporting of confusion is essential for prompt intervention to prevent worsening of hypoglycemia. Shakiness and sweating are early warning signs of hypoglycemia but may not always require immediate intervention. Increased thirst is a symptom commonly associated with hyperglycemia rather than hypoglycemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to take levothyroxine on an empty stomach in the morning. This instruction is essential to enhance absorption and efficacy of the medication. Taking levothyroxine with meals, at bedtime, or with a glass of milk can interfere with its absorption and effectiveness, leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyponatremia. Desmopressin, a medication used to treat diabetes insipidus, can cause the retention of water without sodium, leading to dilutional hyponatremia. This occurs because desmopressin increases water reabsorption in the kidneys without affecting sodium levels. Hypernatremia (choice B) is unlikely because desmopressin does not cause excessive sodium retention. Hypokalemia (choice C) and hypercalcemia (choice D) are not typically associated with desmopressin therapy for diabetes insipidus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct intervention for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is to restrict oral fluids. This is because SIADH leads to excessive production of antidiuretic hormone, causing water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. By restricting oral fluids, the nurse helps prevent further water retention and imbalance of electrolytes. Encouraging increased fluid intake (Choice A) would exacerbate the condition by further increasing fluid retention. Administering hypertonic saline (Choice B) is not the primary treatment for SIADH, as it may worsen the imbalance. Monitoring for signs of dehydration (Choice C) is not appropriate since SIADH leads to water retention, not dehydration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, "I can skip my medication on days when I feel fine," indicates a need for further teaching. This statement shows a lack of understanding regarding the importance of medication adherence in managing hyperthyroidism. Skipping medication can lead to uncontrolled symptoms and potential complications. Option A, "I should take my medication every day as prescribed," is correct as consistent medication adherence is crucial in managing hyperthyroidism effectively. Option B, "I need to avoid foods high in iodine," is also correct as excessive iodine intake can exacerbate hyperthyroidism symptoms. Option D, "I should monitor my pulse regularly," is a good self-management practice for a client with hyperthyroidism as it helps in detecting changes in heart rate. Educationally, this question highlights the significance of patient education in chronic condition management. Nurses play a vital role in ensuring patients understand their condition and treatment plans to promote optimal health outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of medication adherence, dietary modifications, and self-monitoring in managing hyperthyroidism effectively.