A client is receiving bethanechol chloride (Urecholine). The nurse monitors the client for adverse effects of the medication and should observe for which of the following?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) stimulates muscarinic receptors, which can lead to bradycardia as an adverse effect. Monitoring for bradycardia is crucial when administering this medication. Constipation, hypertension, and dry mouth are not typically associated with the effects of bethanechol chloride.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Oliguria, which should prompt the healthcare professional to notify the healthcare provider immediately when monitoring a client receiving intravenous amphotericin B. Amphotericin B is a potent antifungal medication known for its nephrotoxic effects, which can lead to kidney damage. Oliguria, a decreased urine output, is a sign of potential kidney impairment or failure, which is a serious and potentially life-threatening adverse effect of amphotericin B. Option A) Fever is a common side effect of amphotericin B and is not typically an immediate cause for concern unless it is very high or accompanied by other severe symptoms. Option B) Headache is not a common or severe adverse effect of amphotericin B and would not typically require immediate notification of the healthcare provider. Option C) Nausea is a common side effect of amphotericin B but is not as concerning as oliguria, which indicates a more serious issue like kidney damage. Educationally, understanding the side effects and adverse reactions of medications is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Recognizing and responding promptly to signs of potential complications can prevent serious consequences and improve patient outcomes. In the case of amphotericin B, close monitoring for renal function and early detection of kidney-related issues such as oliguria are essential to ensure patient safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic that can lead to orthostatic hypotension, causing dizziness. Instructing the client to change positions slowly can help prevent this adverse effect. It is important for the client to consume foods rich in potassium to prevent hypokalemia. Taking furosemide in the morning helps reduce the need for frequent urination at night. Encouraging the client to maintain an adequate fluid intake is crucial to prevent dehydration while on this medication.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Heparin is an anticoagulant, so the primary potential complication is bleeding. The healthcare provider should monitor the client for signs of bleeding, such as bruising, hematuria, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Hypertension, tachycardia, and hyperkalemia are not direct complications of heparin therapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to apply the nitroglycerin (Nitro-Dur) transdermal patch at the same time each day to ensure consistent blood levels. It is essential to apply the patch to a hairless area of the skin for proper absorption. The patch can generally be left on during a shower. The patch is usually worn for 12-14 hours to allow for a nitrate-free period, which helps reduce tolerance to the medication.