HESI RN
HESI RN Exit Exam Capstone Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client asks the nurse for information about reducing risk factors for BPH. Which information should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia), increasing physical activity is the most appropriate answer. Regular physical activity helps in maintaining a healthy weight and can reduce the risk of developing BPH. Exercise also improves overall health and circulation, which can have a positive impact on prostate health. Decreasing alcohol consumption (option B) can be beneficial for overall health but is not directly linked to reducing the risk factors for BPH. Similarly, reducing intake of dairy products (option C) and avoiding caffeine and spicy foods (option D) may help alleviate symptoms for some individuals with BPH, but they are not primary strategies for reducing the risk factors. From an educational perspective, it is important for nurses to provide evidence-based information to clients. Understanding the rationale behind each option can help nurses convey accurate information to clients seeking guidance on reducing their risk for BPH. By emphasizing the importance of physical activity, nurses can empower clients to make informed lifestyle choices that promote prostate health and overall well-being.
Question 2 of 5
A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted for frequent hyperglycemic episodes and a glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) of 10%. Insulin glargine 10 units subcutaneously once a day at bedtime and a sliding scale of insulin aspart every 6 hours are prescribed. What actions should the nurse include in this client's plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In managing a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is experiencing frequent hyperglycemic episodes with a high A1C level, a comprehensive plan of care is crucial. The correct answer, D) All of the above, is the most appropriate choice because it encompasses all the essential components needed for effective diabetes management in this scenario. Teaching subcutaneous injection technique, site rotation, and insulin management (Option A) is essential to ensure the client can self-administer insulin effectively, which is critical for glycemic control. Coordinating carbohydrate-controlled meals at consistent times and intervals (Option B) is vital to help regulate blood sugar levels and prevent further hyperglycemic episodes. Reviewing proper foot care and injury prevention (Option C) is important as diabetes can lead to neuropathy and poor wound healing, increasing the risk of foot complications. Options A, B, and C are not standalone interventions but rather complementary elements of a holistic diabetes management plan. By combining these actions, the nurse can address various aspects of the client's care, promoting better outcomes and quality of life. Educating the client on these aspects empowers them to actively participate in their care, leading to improved self-management and overall health. This question highlights the importance of a multidimensional approach to diabetes care, emphasizing the need for education, lifestyle modifications, and preventive measures to address the complex needs of individuals with diabetes. It underscores the role of nurses in educating and supporting clients with diabetes to achieve optimal health outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
A young adult visits the clinic reporting symptoms associated with gastritis. Which information in the client's history is most important for the nurse to address in the teaching plan?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, option B is the most important information in the client's history for the nurse to address in the teaching plan. Consuming 10 or more drinks of alcohol every weekend can significantly contribute to the development or exacerbation of gastritis. Alcohol irritates the stomach lining, increases stomach acid production, and can lead to inflammation, all of which can worsen gastritis symptoms. Option A, occasional heartburn after eating spicy food, is a common symptom that may not necessarily indicate a serious issue like gastritis. Option C, frequent use of NSAIDs, is also a risk factor for gastritis, but alcohol consumption in this case presents a more immediate concern due to its direct impact on the stomach lining. Option D, a history of peptic ulcers, is relevant as it suggests a predisposition to gastrointestinal issues, but the current alcohol consumption poses a more urgent threat to the client's gastric health. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing modifiable risk factors in the development of gastritis and the need for tailored patient education to address these factors to promote healing and prevent further complications. Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients on lifestyle modifications to manage and prevent gastritis, making this information vital in clinical practice.
Question 4 of 5
After administering a proton pump inhibitor, which action should the nurse take to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of administering a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), the correct action to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication is to ask the client about gastrointestinal pain (Option B). This is because PPIs work by reducing the production of stomach acid, which helps in alleviating symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach ulcers. Therefore, asking the client about any improvement in gastrointestinal pain will provide direct feedback on the medication's efficacy. Monitoring bowel movements (Option A) is not directly related to evaluating the effectiveness of a PPI. Vital signs (Option C) may not reflect the specific symptom relief associated with PPI use. Assessing for signs of bleeding (Option D) is important when using medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but is not the primary indicator of PPI effectiveness. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind evaluating the effectiveness of medications is crucial for nurses to provide quality patient care. By linking the mechanism of action of a medication with the assessment of specific symptoms, nurses can make informed clinical decisions and ensure optimal patient outcomes.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing care for a client with schizophrenia who receives haloperidol decanoate 75 mg IM every 4 weeks. The client begins developing a puckering and smacking of the lips and facial grimacing. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct intervention is to complete the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) for the client. The client is exhibiting signs of tardive dyskinesia, a potential side effect of antipsychotic medications like haloperidol. AIMS is a standardized tool used to assess and monitor movement disorders, including tardive dyskinesia. By completing the AIMS assessment, the nurse can objectively evaluate the severity of the client's symptoms and determine the necessity for further intervention or medication adjustments. Discontinuing the medication immediately (Option A) is not recommended without proper assessment and evaluation of the client's symptoms. Abruptly stopping antipsychotic medications can lead to withdrawal symptoms and exacerbation of underlying psychiatric conditions. Increasing the dose of haloperidol (Option B) would be contraindicated as the client is already experiencing extrapyramidal side effects. Increasing the dose can further worsen these symptoms. Monitoring the client for signs of agitation (Option D) is important in general care but does not address the specific issue of tardive dyskinesia. Without proper assessment using the AIMS tool, the nurse may miss the opportunity to address the side effects effectively. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of thorough assessment, using appropriate tools, and understanding the side effects of medications in psychiatric nursing practice. It emphasizes the need for a systematic approach to managing medication side effects to ensure optimal client care and safety.