A 2-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her 17-year-old mother. When the nurse observes that the child is drinking sweetened soda from her bottle, what information should the nurse discuss with this mother?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Dental caries is associated with drinking soda. This choice is the most appropriate because sweetened soda is a known risk factor for dental caries, especially in young children whose teeth are still developing. By discussing this with the mother, the nurse can educate her about the potential harm soda can have on her child's dental health, emphasizing the importance of limiting or avoiding sugary drinks. Option A) A 2-year-old should be speaking in 2-word phrases is incorrect because it is unrelated to the issue at hand, which is the child's consumption of sweetened soda. While language development is important, it is not the priority in this situation. Option C) Drinking soda is related to childhood obesity is also incorrect as the primary concern in this case is the impact of soda on dental health, not obesity. While soda consumption can contribute to obesity, this is not the focus of the scenario. Option D) Toddlers should be sleeping 10 hours a night is irrelevant to the child's soda consumption and dental health. While sleep is important for toddlers, it is not the key issue in this scenario. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to provide parents with information on healthy habits and potential risks to their child's well-being. By addressing the specific issue of soda consumption and its link to dental caries, nurses can empower parents to make informed decisions about their child's nutrition and oral health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to consider the developmental needs and emotional well-being of children receiving treatment. In this scenario, the most suitable toy for a 3-year-old boy undergoing chemotherapy is a coloring book with crayons (Option B). The rationale behind this choice is that coloring allows the child to express creativity, engage in a calming and therapeutic activity, and have a sense of control during a time when they may feel powerless. It also provides a non-invasive form of entertainment that can be easily enjoyed even during treatment sessions. Option A, the bouncy ball, may not be suitable as it involves physical activity that a child undergoing chemotherapy may not have the energy for. Option C, the duck that squeaks, could potentially be disruptive in a medical setting where quiet and calmness are important. Option D, the remote-controlled car, might be too complex for a 3-year-old and could lead to frustration rather than enjoyment during an already stressful time. Educationally, understanding the individualized needs of pediatric patients is essential for providing holistic care. By selecting appropriate toys and activities, healthcare providers can support the emotional and psychological well-being of children undergoing medical treatment, ultimately enhancing their overall experience and outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Crying without tears is a sign of severe dehydration, which is a potentially life-threatening complication in infants with projectile vomiting. Dehydration can rapidly progress in infants, leading to serious consequences if not promptly addressed. The combination of projectile vomiting, listlessness, and absence of tears when crying should raise concerns about severe dehydration and the need for urgent intervention to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) 4.2 mL. To determine this, we first need to calculate the amount of amantadine in 1 mL of the syrup. Since the syrup is 50 mg/5 mL, this means there is 50 mg/5 mL = 10 mg/mL of amantadine in the syrup. The prescription is for 42 mg per dose, so to administer 42 mg, we would need 42 mg / 10 mg/mL = 4.2 mL. Therefore, 4.2 mL should be administered per dose. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: B) 5 mL: This is incorrect because administering 5 mL would exceed the prescribed dose of 42 mg. C) 3.6 mL: This is incorrect because administering 3.6 mL would provide less than the prescribed dose of 42 mg. D) 4 mL: This is incorrect because administering 4 mL would also provide less than the prescribed dose of 42 mg. Educational Context: Understanding medication calculations is crucial in pediatric nursing to ensure accurate dosing and patient safety. Nurses must be proficient in converting between different units of measurement and doses to provide optimal care for pediatric patients. By mastering these skills, nurses can prevent medication errors and promote positive health outcomes in pediatric populations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of caring for a child with pertussis receiving azithromycin IV, the most important intervention for the nurse to include in the child's plan of care is to monitor for signs of facial swelling or urticaria (Option C). This is crucial because azithromycin is an antibiotic known to cause allergic reactions, including facial swelling and urticaria, which can progress rapidly and lead to serious complications like anaphylaxis. Early detection and prompt intervention are essential to prevent adverse outcomes. Option A, obtaining vital signs to monitor for fluid overload, while important in general nursing care, is not the priority in this specific situation where the child is receiving azithromycin IV. Option B, changing the IV site dressing, is essential for preventing infection but is not as critical as monitoring for allergic reactions. Option D, assessing for abdominal pain and vomiting, is not directly related to the potential complications of azithromycin administration in this case. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and managing potential adverse reactions to medications in pediatric patients, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and assessment to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the side effects of medications and skilled in identifying early signs of adverse reactions to provide timely and appropriate care.