Chemistry HESI A2 Quizlet - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Neutral particles, which have no electric charge, are known as neutrons. Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom along with protons. Electrons carry a negative charge and orbit the nucleus. Cations are positively charged ions formed by losing electrons.
Therefore, the correct answer is 'Neutrons' as they are the neutral particles in an atom, unlike protons, electrons, or cations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A dipole is created in a covalent bond when there is an unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms involved. This results in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other, leading to a separation of charges and the formation of a dipole.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a dipole is specifically formed due to unequal sharing of electrons, not equal sharing, exchange, or transfer of electrons in a covalent bond.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Decomposition is the correct answer because in a decomposition reaction, a compound is broken down into simpler substances. This type of reaction involves the splitting of a compound into its component parts, often through the use of heat, light, or electricity. Synthesis (choice
B) is the opposite process where simpler substances are combined to form a more complex compound. Combustion (choice
C) is a reaction involving rapid oxidation often accompanied by heat and light. Single replacement (choice
D) is a reaction where one element replaces another in a compound.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Single replacement.' In a single replacement reaction, an active metal replaces another element in an ionic compound, resulting in the formation of a new compound. Option A, 'Combustion,' involves a substance rapidly reacting with oxygen to release energy in the form of heat and light. Option C, 'Synthesis,' involves the combination of two or more substances to form a more complex product. Option D, 'Decomposition,' involves the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hydrogen bonding occurs between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen. These atoms have a strong pull on the shared electrons, leading to a partial negative charge on them, which allows them to form hydrogen bonds with hydrogen or other electronegative atoms.
Choice A is incorrect because carbon is not typically involved in hydrogen bonding.
Choice B is incorrect because chlorine is not as electronegative as nitrogen, and choice C is incorrect because nitrogen is more electronegative than chlorine.