HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Humerus and scapula. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that help stabilize the shoulder joint. Specifically, the rotator cuff muscles help to stabilize the head of the humerus (the upper arm bone) within the shallow socket of the scapula (shoulder blade). This stabilizing action is crucial for maintaining shoulder joint function and preventing injuries.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the rotator cuff primarily stabilizes the humerus and scapula, not the radius, ulna, or clavicle.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The average normal body temperature in degrees Celsius is 37°C. This temperature is considered the standard measurement for the human body under normal conditions. It is essential to know this baseline temperature for monitoring health and detecting abnormalities such as fever.
Choice A, 30°C, is too low for the average normal body temperature.
Choice B, 32°C, is also below the standard normal body temperature.
Choice C, 35°C, is closer but still lower than the average normal body temperature of 37°C.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Trypsin is an enzyme that specifically breaks down proteins into smaller peptides by hydrolyzing peptide bonds. It is a key enzyme involved in the digestion of proteins in the body, particularly in the small intestine where it helps in the final stages of protein digestion.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because trypsin does not break down fats, starch, or nucleic acids; its primary function is the digestion of proteins.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Tofu is a plant-based source of protein that can provide a significant amount of protein to a person on a vegan diet. It is made from soybeans and is a versatile ingredient that can be used in various dishes to increase protein intake.
Tofu is a good option for vegans looking to meet their protein needs. Eggs and fish are not suitable for a vegan diet as they are animal products. While leafy greens do contain some protein, they are not considered a significant protein source compared to tofu.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The parathyroid hormone primarily regulates calcium levels in the blood. It acts to increase calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and promoting the conversion of vitamin D to its active form, which aids in calcium absorption from the intestines.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the parathyroid hormone does not play a significant role in the regulation of magnesium (
Choice
A), calcitonin (
Choice
C), or glucocorticoids (
Choice
D).