HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 26. The human foot consists of 26 bones, including tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. These bones collaborate to offer support, flexibility, and stability for various activities like standing, walking, and running.
Choice A (6) is incorrect as it is too low for the number of bones in the human foot.
Choice B (16) is incorrect as it underestimates the actual number of bones in the foot.
Choice D (36) is incorrect as it overestimates the number of bones in the human foot.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Melatonin is the hormone produced by the pineal gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and is instrumental in maintaining the body's circadian rhythm. Melatonin production is triggered by darkness and inhibited by light, aiding in signaling the body when it is time to sleep. Corticosteroid, oxytocin, and prolactin are hormones produced by other glands in the body and are not associated with the pineal gland.
Therefore, they are incorrect choices for this question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The circulatory system works with the digestive system by transporting absorbed nutrients through the body. After digestion occurs in the digestive system, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. The circulatory system then carries these nutrients to cells throughout the body where they are used for energy, growth, and repair. This process ensures that the necessary nutrients are delivered to where they are needed in the body.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the circulatory system is not responsible for removing undigested solids, filtering and collecting digested materials, or releasing enzymes that control digestion. These functions are primarily carried out by the digestive system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Columnar Epithelium. Columnar epithelium is characterized by tall, pillar-like cells that are closely packed together. This arrangement allows for absorption and secretion in tissues like the digestive tract, where this type of epithelium is commonly found. Squamous epithelium (choice
A) consists of flat cells, cuboidal epithelium (choice
B) has cube-shaped cells, and transitional epithelium (choice
D) is found in areas that need to stretch and expand, like the urinary bladder.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement is that skeletal muscle attaches to bones through tendons, enabling movement. Tendons connect muscles to bones and allow the force generated by muscle contraction to be transmitted to the bones, facilitating voluntary movements.
Choice A is incorrect because skeletal muscle typically makes up around 40-50% of an individual's body weight, not a fixed 40%.
Choice C is incorrect as muscle contraction plays a vital role in temperature regulation by generating heat.
Choice D is incorrect as skeletal muscles may have constant low-level contractions even at rest, known as muscle tone.