HESI A2 Biology Practice Test 2024 - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein Synthesis. Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for synthesizing proteins. This process is crucial for various cellular functions.
Choice A, DNA Replication, is incorrect as ribosomes are not involved in this process.
Choice C, Lipid Breakdown, is also incorrect as ribosomes do not play a role in lipid metabolism.
Choice D, Cell Division, is incorrect as ribosomes are not directly involved in the process of cell division.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: During meiosis, sperm and egg cells produce half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells. Each contributes 23 chromosomes, which combine to form a zygote with a total of 46 chromosomes.
Choice B (46) is incorrect because this is the number of chromosomes produced in mitosis, not meiosis.

Choices C (25) and D (50) are also incorrect as they do not align with the chromosome count in sex cells during meiosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Metaphase. During Metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the center of the cell's equator, forming the metaphase plate. This alignment ensures that during the subsequent phase, Anaphase, the sister chromatids can separate and move towards opposite poles. Prophase is the initial phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Telophase is the final phase of mitosis where two new nuclei form.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sperm and egg cells undergo meiosis to form gametes with half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells. Each sperm and egg cell produces 23 chromosomes through meiosis.
Choice A is incorrect because 46 chromosomes represent the diploid number found in somatic cells.
Choice C is incorrect as it is an uncommon number for chromosome production in human gametes.
Choice D is incorrect as the total number of chromosomes in sperm or egg cells is 23, not 24.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell by breaking down fatty acids and producing hydrogen peroxide. This process helps protect the cell from damage caused by toxic substances.
Choice A, Endoplasmic Reticulum, is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, not detoxification.
Choice B, Lysosomes, contain enzymes for digestion and waste removal, not primarily detoxification.
Choice D, Golgi Apparatus, is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion, not detoxification.