Anatomy HESI A2 - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The medulla oblongata, located in the brain stem, is responsible for regulating involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate. It contains vital centers that control these essential functions to maintain life. The cerebrum is primarily involved in higher brain functions like thinking and voluntary movements; the cerebellum plays a crucial role in coordinating movement and balance; and the frontal lobe is responsible for functions such as decision-making, problem-solving, and voluntary muscle movements.
Therefore, the correct answer is the medulla oblongata (
Choice
C).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The lymphatic system. Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B-lymphocytes (or B cells) in response to foreign substances known as antigens. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, tonsils, thymus, and spleen, which work together to produce and store antibodies to help the body fight off infections and diseases.


Choice A, the endocrine system, is incorrect because it is responsible for hormone regulation, not antibody production.


Choice B, the digestive system, is incorrect because its main function is to break down food and absorb nutrients, not produce antibodies.


Choice D, the nervous system, is incorrect as it is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body and coordinating body functions, not generating antibodies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The term 'lateral' refers to the direction away from the midline of the body. In this case, the cheekbones are situated to the sides of the nose, making them lateral to the nose.
Therefore, 'lateral' correctly describes the position of the cheekbones in relation to the nose.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect:
A. 'Anterior' means situated at or towards the front, which is not the correct description of the cheekbones in relation to the nose.
B. 'Proximal' means situated nearer to the center of the body, which is not the correct description of the cheekbones' position in relation to the nose.
C. 'Deep' refers to being situated further away from the surface, which is not the appropriate term to describe the cheekbones' position in relation to the nose.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: reproductive system. The ovaries are essential organs of the female reproductive system. They play a vital role in producing eggs and secreting hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The skeletal system (choice
A) consists of bones and tissues that support the body, the nervous system (choice
B) controls body functions and responses, and the lymphatic system (choice
C) helps the body fight off infections.
Therefore, the ovaries belong to the reproductive system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Somatic. The femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves are all part of the somatic nervous system, responsible for controlling voluntary movements and sensory input. These nerves innervate muscles and skin throughout the body, allowing conscious control of movements and sensations. The somatic nervous system is distinct from the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary bodily functions.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the autonomic nervous system (
B) is responsible for involuntary functions, while the sympathetic (
C) and parasympathetic (
D) divisions are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, not the somatic nervous system.