HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology 2023 - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: '
To transport oxygen and nutrients.' The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells throughout the body and remove waste products.
Choice B is incorrect because regulating body temperature is primarily the function of the body's thermoregulatory system, including sweat glands and blood vessels near the skin surface.
Choice C is incorrect because while the cardiovascular system does help remove waste products through circulation, it is not its primary function.
Choice D is incorrect as hormone production is mainly carried out by endocrine glands, not the cardiovascular system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin, a hormone crucial for regulating blood glucose levels. Insulin plays a key role in allowing cells to take in glucose, thereby helping to keep blood sugar levels in check. The liver (choice
B), gallbladder (choice
C), and kidneys (choice
D) do not produce insulin. The liver is involved in glycogen storage and glucose regulation, the gallbladder stores bile, and the kidneys filter blood and regulate fluid balance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones, such as thyroxine, that play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy production, and overall growth and development in the body. The pituitary gland, while important for hormone regulation, does not primarily regulate metabolism. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are more related to stress response than direct metabolism regulation. The pineal gland mainly produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles and not metabolism.
Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The skin is the largest organ in the human body. It serves as a protective barrier against the environment, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information. The liver, brain, and heart are vital organs, but they are not as extensive as the skin. The liver is primarily responsible for detoxification and metabolism. The brain is the control center of the body, coordinating various functions. The heart is a crucial organ that pumps blood throughout the body. However, in terms of size, the skin surpasses all of these organs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The pituitary gland, often referred to as the 'master gland,' controls the release of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes various hormones that regulate many bodily functions, making it a central and vital component of the endocrine system. The thyroid gland (
Choice
A) regulates metabolism, the adrenal gland (
Choice
B) produces hormones like adrenaline, and the pineal gland (
Choice
D) secretes melatonin, but none of these glands are considered the 'master gland' that controls the functions of other endocrine glands.