Biology HESI A2 2024 - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The purpose of phloem tissue in plant stems is to conduct food, particularly sugars produced in the leaves during photosynthesis, throughout the plant. The phloem transports these organic compounds to various parts of the plant where they are needed for growth and energy.
Choice A is incorrect because water is primarily transported by xylem tissue, not phloem.
Choice B is incorrect as the energy of light is captured by chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis, not conducted by phloem.
Choice D is incorrect because carbon dioxide is mainly absorbed through the leaves and transported to other parts of the plant through diffusion, not by phloem.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Salmonella. Salmonella bacterium reproduces via binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction where the cell divides into two daughter cells with identical genetic material. This process is common among bacteria and single-celled organisms. Mushrooms reproduce through spores, blue whales and rainbow trout reproduce sexually, involving the fusion of male and female gametes.
Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reproduce through binary fission.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Glucose is a type of simple sugar and is classified as a carbohydrate. It is commonly found in various carbohydrate-containing foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and sugary snacks.
Therefore, the molecule containing glucose would be a carbohydrate, making choice D the correct answer. Proteins (choice
A) are made up of amino acids, lipids (choice
B) are fats, and nucleic acids (choice
C) are DNA and RNA, none of which contain glucose.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a cell is in a solution where the concentration of solutes is higher inside the cell than outside, it is in a hypertonic environment. In this situation, water will move into the cell in an attempt to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of the cell membrane through the process of osmosis. As a result, the cell will swell as it takes in more water, potentially leading to bursting or cell lysis.
Choice B is incorrect because a cell in a hypertonic solution will not shrivel and shrink due to water moving into the cell.
Choice C is incorrect because the cell will not maintain its current size; it will swell.
Choice D is incorrect because growing a supportive cell wall is not the immediate response to being in a hypertonic environment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the male offspring will inherit the hemophilia trait from their mother due to the sex-linked inheritance pattern. The female offspring will inherit one X chromosome from their mother, becoming carriers of hemophilia.
Therefore, the predicted ratio of offspring with the disease would be 1 female as a carrier and 2 males with hemophilia.
Choice A is incorrect because there would be male offspring with the disease.
Choice B is incorrect as there would be male offspring with hemophilia.
Choice D is incorrect as it does not reflect the inheritance pattern of hemophilia.