HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024 - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cardiovascular system. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. They are a key component of the cardiovascular system, which is responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the body. The other options (A, B, and
C) are incorrect because arteries are not part of the nervous system, endocrine system, or lymphatic system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, blood can flow between the heart and the rest of the body. The pulmonary valve allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation, while the aortic valve permits blood to flow from the left ventricle to the rest of the body for distribution of oxygen and nutrients. This circulation pathway ensures that oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the body tissues.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because when the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, blood is not flowing between the ventricles, from atrium to ventricle, or between the atria; instead, it is being pumped out of the heart to the lungs and the rest of the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Endocytosis is a cellular process where the cell engulfs and internalizes solid particles by forming vesicles. It is a mechanism used for nutrient uptake, cell signaling, and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Options B, C, and D describe processes that are opposite to endocytosis.
Choice B is incorrect because it describes pinocytosis, which is the process of engulfing liquid material.
Choice C is incorrect as it describes exocytosis, the process of expelling material from the cell.
Choice D is incorrect as it describes the process of releasing liquid material from the cell.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Approximately 30. The human skull is composed of 22 bones that are fused together. These 22 bones consist of 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones, totaling approximately 30 bones in total.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the human skull does not have as few as 5 bones, as many as 60 bones, or as many as 210 bones. Understanding the basic anatomy of the skull helps in identifying the correct number of bones it comprises.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The endocrine system plays a vital role in the regulation of sexual functions within the reproductive system. It produces hormones that are responsible for various functions, such as the development of secondary sex characteristics, production of gametes (sperm and egg cells), and the regulation of the menstrual cycle. These hormones are crucial for the proper functioning and coordination of the reproductive system, ensuring the successful reproduction and maintenance of reproductive health.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the reproductive system is not primarily responsible for transforming minerals into nutrients, determining the sex of the embryo, or controlling the growth of secondary sex organs. These functions are mainly regulated by the endocrine system in coordination with the reproductive system.