HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023 - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is the hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels. It achieves this by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, thereby reducing the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream.


Choice A, Glucagon, is actually a hormone produced by the pancreas that works to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose.
Choice C, Cortisol, is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and is involved in stress response and regulation of metabolism.
Choice D, Melatonin, is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is not directly involved in blood glucose level regulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The main function of the nervous system is to control and coordinate body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body and responding to internal and external stimuli. This allows for the regulation of body temperature, movement, sensory perception, and various other functions necessary for homeostasis.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the primary role of the nervous system. Transporting blood is mainly carried out by the circulatory system, protecting the body from infection is a function of the immune system, and digesting food is the role of the digestive system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood and nutrients throughout the body, supplying cells with vital substances.
Choice A is incorrect as the kidneys are responsible for filtering blood.
Choice C is incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by organs like the kidneys and liver.
Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by mechanisms such as sweating and shivering, not the heart.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Triceps brachii. The triceps brachii muscle is responsible for extending the elbow joint. It is located on the back of the upper arm and acts in opposition to the biceps brachii, which is responsible for elbow flexion. The deltoid muscle is primarily responsible for shoulder abduction, not elbow extension. The pectoralis major muscle is involved in movements of the shoulder joint, not the elbow.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, allowing the transmission of forces generated by muscles and facilitating movement at joints. Ligaments, on the other hand, connect bones to other bones, providing stability. Cartilage is a firm, flexible connective tissue found in joints and the respiratory tract. Fascia surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, offering support and protection.
Therefore, the correct answer is tendons as they specifically connect muscles to bones.