HESI A2 Practice Test Biology - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids are considered the most important molecules in biology. Carbohydrates are essential for providing energy, lipids for storing energy and forming cell membranes, proteins for various structural and functional roles, and nucleic acids (DNA and RN
A) for storing genetic information.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are crucial biomolecules, calcium, sulfur, and iron are not considered among the most important molecules in biology.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: DNA.' DNA is not directly involved in translation, which is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA. tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome, mRNA provides the template for protein synthesis, and ribosomes are the cellular machinery where translation occurs. DNA's main role is in transcription, where it serves as the template for mRNA synthesis, not in translation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Glycolysis. Glycolysis is the initial step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate through a series of enzymatic reactions.
Choice B, the Krebs cycle, occurs after glycolysis in aerobic cellular respiration.
Choice C, the Electron transport chain, is the final step in aerobic respiration where the majority of ATP is produced.
Choice D, Aerobic respiration, is a broader term that encompasses glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, but it is not the specific first step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'They are not water soluble.' Lipids are not water-soluble, which distinguishes them from other organic molecules.
Choice A is incorrect because lipids are not indivisible; they can be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol.
Choice C is incorrect as lipids do not necessarily contain zinc; they are a diverse group of molecules.
Choice D is incorrect because lipids do not form long proteins; proteins are made up of amino acids, not lipids.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mitochondrion and chloroplast. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for producing cell energy through cellular respiration and photosynthesis, respectively.
Choice B is incorrect because the nucleus is not involved in energy production.
Choice C is incorrect as the nucleus is not an organelle that produces energy.
Choice D is incorrect as lysosomes function in digesting waste materials, not in energy production.