Which gas is produced when an acid reacts with a carbonate?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When an acid reacts with a carbonate, the chemical reaction typically yields carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide is formed due to the chemical reaction between the acid and the carbonate, releasing this gas as a product. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Carbon dioxide.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen are not the gases produced in this specific acid-carbonate reaction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'boron.' Diatomic molecules consist of two atoms of the same element bonded together. Boron is an exception and does not exist naturally as a diatomic molecule. On the other hand, fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen commonly exist as diatomic molecules in their natural states. Fluorine, for example, exists as F2, oxygen exists as O2, and nitrogen exists as N2.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct name for aqueous HI is 'hydriodic acid.' When hydrogen iodide (HI) dissolves in water, it forms hydriodic acid. Therefore, 'hydriodic acid' is the appropriate term for aqueous HI. Choice A, 'hydroiodic acid,' is incorrect as it does not reflect the nature of the compound in the aqueous state. Choice B, 'hydrogen monoiodide,' is not a widely recognized term for this compound. Choice C, 'hydrogen iodide,' is the name for HI in the gaseous state, not when it's dissolved in water.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the periodic table, 'periods' are the horizontal rows. Each period corresponds to the energy level occupied by the elements in that row. The other terms mentioned, such as groups, families, and sets, are not used to describe the horizontal rows but rather refer to different aspects of the periodic table organization. 'Groups' are the vertical columns, 'families' are groups of elements with similar properties, and 'sets' is a more generic term not specifically used in the context of the periodic table.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, high specific heat. Water's ability to form hydrogen bonds results in a high specific heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and release a large amount of heat energy with minimal temperature change. This property is essential for moderating temperature changes in organisms and maintaining stable environmental conditions for life processes. Choices A, lack of cohesiveness, and C, use as a nonpolar solvent, are incorrect. Water actually has high cohesiveness due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds, and it is a polar solvent, not nonpolar. Choice B, low surface tension, is also incorrect as water's hydrogen bonding contributes to its relatively high surface tension.