What type of radiation is high-energy electromagnetic radiation that lacks charge and mass?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Gamma radiation is a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation that does not possess charge or mass. This type of radiation is commonly used in various fields due to its penetrating ability and lack of charge or mass, making it different from alpha and beta radiation, which consist of charged particles. Therefore, the correct answer is C - Gamma. Choices A and B are incorrect as they refer to alpha and beta radiation, which are composed of charged particles. Choice D, Delta, is not a type of radiation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ionic & covalent. Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions attracted to each other. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration. Choice A is incorrect as hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force, not a primary type of chemical bonding. Choice C is incorrect as hydrogen bonding is not a primary type of chemical bonding. Choice D is incorrect as metallic bonding involves the sharing of electrons in a 'sea of electrons' within a metal lattice, not covalent bonding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An ionic bond forms when one atom transfers electrons to another, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions. The attraction between these oppositely charged ions creates an electrostatic bond, known as an ionic bond. Choice A, covalent bonds, involve the sharing of electrons, not the transfer. Choice B, metallic bonds, occur between metal atoms and involve a 'sea of electrons' that are delocalized. Choice D, hydrogen bonds, are much weaker interactions between hydrogen atoms and other electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a single bond between two atoms, only one pair of electrons is shared. This is because a single covalent bond involves the sharing of two electrons, one from each participating atom. Therefore, option A (1) is the correct answer. Option B (2) is incorrect because two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms would form a double bond, not a single bond. Double bonds are characterized by the sharing of four electrons (two pairs). Option C (3) is incorrect as well because three pairs of electrons shared would indicate a triple bond, which is even stronger and involves the sharing of six electrons (three pairs) between the two atoms. Option D (4) is also incorrect as it suggests the sharing of four pairs of electrons, which is not characteristic of a single bond. Understanding the number of electron pairs shared in different types of chemical bonds is crucial in chemistry as it influences the strength and properties of the bond. This knowledge is fundamental in understanding molecular structures, reactivity, and various chemical processes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In a double covalent bond, two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms. This sharing of two electron pairs results in a stronger bond compared to a single covalent bond where only one pair of electrons is shared. Choice A is incorrect because a single covalent bond involves the sharing of one pair of electrons. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct number of electron pairs shared in a double covalent bond.