The arteries are part of which system?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cardiovascular system. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. They are a key component of the cardiovascular system, which is responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the body. The other options (A, B, and C) are incorrect because arteries are not part of the nervous system, endocrine system, or lymphatic system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The skeletal system is primarily responsible for storing minerals in the body. Bones serve as a storage site for essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which are important for various bodily functions including bone strength, muscle contraction, and nerve signaling. The minerals stored in bones can be released into the bloodstream as needed to maintain optimal mineral levels in the body. The endocrine system is responsible for hormone regulation, not mineral storage. The lymphatic system is involved in immune function and fluid balance, not mineral storage. The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body, not storing minerals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Beriberi is a disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine, also known as vitamin B1. Thiamine is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and energy metabolism in the body. Without enough thiamine, individuals may develop symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, nerve damage, and heart problems, which are characteristic of beriberi. Vitamin C (choice B), niacin (choice C), and protein (choice D) deficiencies can cause other health issues but are not directly related to beriberi.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Esophagus. Muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis in the esophagus. Peristalsis is a coordinated muscular contraction that helps move food from the mouth to the stomach through the esophagus. The rhythmic contractions of the esophageal muscles create a wave-like motion that propels food downward toward the stomach for digestion. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the mouth is where digestion begins but does not push food into the stomach, the small intestine is mainly responsible for absorbing nutrients, and the epiglottis is a flap that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing, not involved in pushing food into the stomach.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Copper is crucial for the formation of red blood cells as it is a component of enzymes involved in the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body, requires copper for its synthesis. A deficiency in copper can result in anemia due to insufficient production of red blood cells. Selenium, calcium, and magnesium do not play a direct role in red blood cell formation, making them incorrect choices for this question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An HDL cholesterol level of 70 or higher is considered high and beneficial for heart health. Individuals with high HDL levels are usually at lower risk of heart disease. Therefore, a level of 70 or above would warrant regular testing to monitor and maintain heart health. Choices B, C, and D are lower levels of HDL cholesterol, which are not typically considered high enough to warrant regular testing as they may not provide the same level of heart health benefits.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The intercostal muscles located between the ribs play a crucial role in respiration by aiding in the enlargement and reduction of the space in the thorax. During inspiration, these muscles contract, lifting the rib cage, which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and allows the lungs to expand and fill with air. This process directly relates to the expansion of the thorax rather than protecting bronchioles and alveoli (Choice A), signaling intra-alveolar pressure changes (Choice B), or maintaining the separation between pleurae (Choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Epithelial.' Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells lining surfaces and cavities, such as the stomach. It does not contain blood vessels, and the cells are tall and thin. The absence of an extracellular matrix is typical of epithelial tissue, making it the most suitable choice in this scenario. Connective tissue, like cartilage and nervous tissue, have different characteristics that do not align with the description provided in the question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The lateral side of the right knee is the side that is farthest from the left knee when looking at the knee joint from the front. The term 'lateral' refers to the side of the body that is farther away from the midline or center of the body. In this case, the lateral side of the right knee is on the outer side of the knee joint, away from the other knee. Choice A is incorrect as the kneecap is located at the front of the knee. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the medial side, not the lateral side. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to the underside, which is not related to the lateral aspect of the knee.