Select the meaning of the word 'reflex' in the sentence: 'The typical patellar reflex takes only 50 milliseconds between the initial tap and the leg extension.'

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of the sentence, the word 'reflex' indicates a quick, automatic response by the body to a stimulus. The patellar reflex, also known as the knee-jerk reflex, involves the leg extending in response to a tap on the patellar tendon. Therefore, the word 'reaction' aligns closely with the nature of the patellar reflex in terms of a rapid and involuntary response. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: 'Replication' does not capture the concept of a bodily response, 'convulsion' implies a sudden and uncontrollable movement which is not specific to the nature of the patellar reflex, and 'stretching' does not encompass the automatic and rapid nature of a reflex action.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this sentence, the word 'trepidation' is used to describe the feeling the students had when approaching the cadaver. Trepidation means a feeling of fear or anxiety about something that may happen, so it aligns most closely with the meaning of 'apprehension.' The students were hesitant or worried about facing the cadaver. Choice A ('Wonder') is incorrect as trepidation does not signify a feeling of wonder. Choice B ('Confusion') is incorrect as trepidation is not about being confused. Choice C ('Eagerness') is incorrect as trepidation is the opposite of eagerness; it indicates hesitation or anxiety, not excitement or enthusiasm.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The word 'venal' means susceptible to corruption, especially by bribery. It is often used to describe individuals who are willing to do dishonest or immoral acts in exchange for money or favors. Therefore, the most appropriate synonym for 'venal' among the given choices is 'greedy.' 'Vibrant' means full of energy and life, 'savage' refers to fierce or violent behavior, and 'fortunate' means having good luck or being favored by fortune, none of which capture the meaning of 'venal.'

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The word 'spurious' in this sentence means something that is false or not genuine. In this context, the researcher's argument was misleading or deceitful, confusing even the experts. 'Bogus' means not genuine or false, which aligns closely with the intended meaning of 'spurious.' The other choices, 'obscure,' 'baffling,' and 'outrageous,' do not capture the essence of being false or deceitful, making them incorrect in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In human anatomy, the term 'superior' refers to a position or structure that is closer to the top of the body or situated above another structure in relation to the standard anatomical position. This means that choice A, 'Top,' is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the anatomical meaning of 'superior.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they refer to different anatomical directions that are not synonymous with 'superior.' 'Bottom' (choice B) refers to 'inferior,' 'Front' (choice C) relates to 'anterior,' and 'Back' (choice D) corresponds to 'posterior.'