In the majority culture of America, coughing, sweating, and diarrhea are symptoms of an illness. For some individuals of Mexican-American origin, however, these symptoms are a normal part of living. The nurse recognizes that this is true, probably because Mexican-Americans:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In Mexican-American culture, coughing, sweating, and diarrhea are often considered normal bodily functions and not necessarily indicative of illness. This cultural perspective shapes their understanding of health and illness, leading them to view these symptoms differently than the majority culture in America. Choice A is incorrect because it generalizes Mexican-Americans as having less efficient immune systems, which is not supported by evidence. Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies by attributing the perception solely to coming from Mexico. Choice D is incorrect as it makes unwarranted assumptions about the socioeconomic status and health status of Mexican-Americans.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The magicoreligious perspective of illness and disease is based on the belief that supernatural forces play a significant role in causing health problems. Individuals holding this perspective may believe that their illness was caused by curses, evil spirits, or other supernatural factors rather than conventional explanations like germs or viruses. This worldview influences how they perceive and seek treatment for their health conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is B) supernatural forces. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the supernatural beliefs associated with the magicoreligious perspective. This perspective focuses on attributing illness to supernatural causes rather than biological, dietary, or spiritual imbalances.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: It is important to recognize that individuals from American Indian cultures may incorporate traditional healing practices, such as seeking the assistance of a shaman or medicine man, alongside biomedical treatments. This holistic approach to health and healing is a significant aspect of their cultural beliefs and practices. Choice A is incorrect because compliance with treatment may vary among individuals and cannot be generalized. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes that seeking traditional help means giving up beliefs in naturalistic causes of disease, which is not necessarily the case. Choice D is incorrect as it makes assumptions about the patient's emotional state and crisis of faith without evidence. Overall, understanding and respecting the integration of traditional healing practices is key to providing culturally sensitive care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When caring for a patient with traditional beliefs, especially one belonging to a culture like Mexican-American where folk or religious healers are important, a culturally-sensitive nurse should assess the patient's beliefs and preferences. By offering assistance in contacting a curandero or priest, the nurse acknowledges and respects the patient's cultural practices and provides holistic care that aligns with the patient's values. This approach helps build trust and ensures the patient receives care that is culturally appropriate and respectful. Choice A is incorrect as contacting the hospital administrator may not directly address the patient's cultural needs. Choice B is inappropriate as assuming the patient needs a curandero without assessment disregards individual preferences. Choice D is incorrect because while family involvement is valued in Mexican-American culture, the primary focus should be on the patient's individual preferences and autonomy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Patients vary in their perceptions of pain, which can be influenced by cultural factors, personal experiences, and psychological aspects. As a result, individuals will also vary in how they express their pain. Cultural norms, social environment, and individual differences all play a role in how pain is experienced and communicated. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to recognize and respect these variations in order to provide appropriate pain management and support for patients. Choice A is incorrect because individuals do not behave the same way when in pain. Choice C is incorrect because pain tolerance is not solely biologically determined; cultural norms and individual differences also influence it. Choice D is incorrect because a patient's expression of pain can be influenced by various factors beyond the amount of tissue injury, such as emotional state and cultural beliefs.