How might vitamin D deficiency present?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency can present as crooked bones in children due to a condition called rickets. This is because vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption and bone health. Inadequate levels of vitamin D can lead to soft and weak bones, resulting in skeletal deformities such as bow legs or knock knees. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as bleeding gums are more commonly associated with vitamin C deficiency (scurvy), swollen extremities could be a sign of various conditions like edema, and red patches are not typically a direct manifestation of vitamin D deficiency.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Parathyroid hormone plays a crucial role in activating vitamin D. This activation occurs in the kidneys, where parathyroid hormone stimulates the conversion of inactive vitamin D to its active form. Active vitamin D is essential for maintaining proper levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which are important for bone health and other physiological functions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because parathyroid hormone is not involved in increasing energy levels, stimulating cell reproduction, or speeding up metabolism. Its primary function is related to calcium and phosphorus homeostasis through the activation of vitamin D.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is the most medial feature in the ear. It separates the outer ear from the middle ear and serves as a barrier that vibrates in response to sound waves, transmitting vibrations to the middle ear ossicles. The pinna, cochlea, and outer canal are located more laterally in the ear anatomy. The pinna is the visible part of the ear located on the lateral side of the head, the cochlea is a spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for hearing, and the outer canal refers to the external auditory canal leading to the eardrum.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Normal values for pulse rate typically range between 60 to 100 beats per minute, while normal blood pressure values are usually around 120/80 mm Hg. Option B falls within these normal ranges for both pulse rate and blood pressure, making it the correct choice. Choices A, C, and D have either pulse rate, blood pressure, or both values outside the normal ranges, making them incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions. This type of section runs longitudinally from front to back, separating the body into right and left halves. Sagittal sections are crucial for understanding the anatomical structure and orientation of various body parts. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a sagittal section specifically divides the body into right and left portions, not upper and lower regions, front and back regions, or between the dorsal and ventral cavities.