Which type of muscle tissue has a unique branching network and is found in the heart?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is the type of muscle tissue that has a unique branching network and is found in the heart. This type of muscle is involuntary and contracts rhythmically to pump blood throughout the body. Skeletal muscle, choice A, is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary movements. Smooth muscle, choice C, is found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, playing a role in involuntary movements. Multifidus muscle, choice D, is a specific muscle in the back that helps with spinal stability, unrelated to the unique branching network found in cardiac muscle.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in coordinating movement. The reduction of dopamine levels leads to the characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Choice B, acetylcholine, is involved in functions like muscle contraction and autonomic nervous system regulation but is not primarily affected in Parkinson's disease. Serotonin (Choice C) is involved in mood regulation and sleep, not the main neurotransmitter affected in Parkinson's disease. Glutamate (Choice D) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and is not primarily implicated in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream without the use of ducts. This allows the hormones to be distributed throughout the body to target organs or tissues. Exocrine glands, on the contrary, release their secretions through ducts to the external environment or onto a surface, such as sweat glands. Apocrine and merocrine glands are both types of exocrine glands that release their secretions through different mechanisms. Apocrine glands release their secretions along with portions of the cell itself, while merocrine glands release their secretions through exocytosis without loss of cellular material.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the right atrium. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. It then pumps this deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs. The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the rest of the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the airways in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by damage to the air sacs in the lungs, resulting in shortness of breath and a chronic cough. Pleurisy, on the other hand, is inflammation of the lining around the lungs, causing chest pain that worsens with breathing or coughing. Therefore, the correct term for the inflammation of the airways in the lungs with symptoms of wheezing and difficulty breathing is Asthma.