TEAS 7 Science Practice Test - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The medulla oblongata is the correct answer. It is the region of the brain located at the base of the brainstem responsible for regulating autonomic functions such as respiration, digestion, and heart rate. These functions are essential for maintaining life. The cerebellum (Option
A), temporal lobe (Option
C), and cerebral cortex (Option
D) do not control these autonomic functions. The cerebellum is mainly involved in coordination and balance, the temporal lobe is associated with memory and hearing, and the cerebral cortex is responsible for higher brain functions like thinking and decision-making.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the pyloric sphincter is to regulate the flow of partially digested food material (chyme) from the stomach into the small intestine, specifically the duodenum. This control is essential for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect.
Choice B is incorrect because neutralizing stomach acid is primarily the function of the stomach lining and antacid mechanisms.
Choice C is incorrect because preventing the backflow of digested food materials and stomach acid into the esophagus is mainly the role of the lower esophageal sphincter.
Choice D is incorrect because the chemical digestion process primarily starts in the stomach through the action of gastric juices, not the pyloric sphincter.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The first step of the scientific method is to make observations. This involves collecting data and information about a specific phenomenon or problem. Observations serve as the basis for developing a question to be explored further. Forming a hypothesis (
Choice
A) comes after making observations, as the hypothesis is an educated guess to explain the observations. Analyzing data (
Choice
C) occurs later in the scientific method after data has been collected and experiments conducted. Forming a question (
Choice
D) is a crucial step but typically follows observations in the scientific process.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Muscle tissues require quick bursts of energy for activities such as contraction and relaxation. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
Therefore, muscle cells would require higher amounts of mitochondria to meet their energy demands. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis and are not directly related to energy production. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, not in animal muscle cells. Vacuoles are primarily involved in storage, maintaining turgor pressure, and digestion, but they are not the main organelles involved in energy production.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The epiglottis is the cartilaginous flap that protects the larynx from water or food while still allowing the flow of air. When we swallow, the epiglottis covers the entrance to the larynx, preventing food or liquid from entering the airway and instead directing them towards the esophagus for digestion.
Choice B, bronchioles, are small airway branches within the lungs and are not involved in protecting the larynx from food or water.
Choice C, epithelium, refers to the tissue that lines the surfaces of organs and structures in the body, but it is not the specific structure that protects the larynx as described.
Choice D, tongue, plays a role in taste, speech, and swallowing, but it is not the cartilaginous flap that protects the larynx.