ATI TEAS Science Practice Test - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis. The three layers of the skin are the epidermis (outer layer), dermis (middle layer), and hypodermis (inner layer of fat and connective tissue). The hypodermis is also known as the subcutaneous tissue and is primarily composed of adipose (fat) tissue, providing insulation and padding to the body.
Choice A is incorrect as 'subdermis' is not a recognized layer of the skin.
Choice C is incorrect as 'dermis' is the middle layer, not the outer layer.
Choice D is incorrect as the layer below the dermis is the hypodermis, not specifically an 'adipose layer.'

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body. They produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps control calcium levels in the blood by acting on the bones, kidneys, and intestines. The other options, such as the osteotoid gland, pineal gland, and thymus gland, do not play a significant role in calcium regulation. The osteotoid gland is a fictitious term, the pineal gland is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles and producing melatonin, and the thymus gland is part of the immune system and plays a role in T-cell maturation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An isotope of an element is an atom with a different number of neutrons, resulting in a different mass number. Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons (which determines the element's identity) but differ in the number of neutrons, leading to variations in mass numbers.
Choice A is incorrect because isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number.
Choice B is incorrect because isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons.
Choice C is incorrect because isotopes of the same element have the same number of electrons.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The large intestine absorbs water, vitamin K, bile salts, sodium, and chloride ions. It helps in maintaining the body's water and electrolyte balance, and also plays a role in absorbing certain vitamins and nutrients such as vitamin K.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins A, D, E, and K are primarily absorbed in the small intestine, not the large intestine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Systemic circulation is longer as it involves carrying oxygenated blood throughout the body, requiring higher blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation is shorter and involves the flow of blood only through the lungs, hence having lower blood pressure.
Therefore, systemic circulation is longer and has higher blood pressure compared to pulmonary circulation.
Choice A is incorrect as systemic circulation is longer, not shorter, and has higher blood pressure.
Choice B is incorrect as pulmonary circulation has lower blood pressure, not higher.
Choice D is incorrect as systemic circulation is longer, not shorter, despite having higher blood pressure.