Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that provides flexible support in various structures. Ears, joints, and the nose all contain cartilage. Muscles, however, are made up of muscle tissue, not cartilage.
Therefore, muscles do not contain cartilage.
Choice A, ears, choice B, joints, and choice D, nose, are incorrect as they all contain cartilage.
Choice C, muscles, is the correct answer as muscles are not composed of cartilage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Muscle contraction is the correct answer. It is the process by which muscles convert chemical energy (ATP) into mechanical energy (movement). During muscle contraction, the sliding filament theory explains how actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, causing muscle fibers to shorten and generate force. Photosynthesis (option
A) is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Cellular respiration (option
B) is the process by which cells generate ATP from glucose and oxygen. The sliding filament theory (option
D) is a detailed explanation of the molecular events that occur during muscle contraction but is not the overall process of converting energy into movement; it focuses on the mechanism within the process of muscle contraction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'The rate of doing work or transferring energy.' Power in physics is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is a measure of how quickly energy is transferred or converted. Power is not the same as energy itself but rather how fast energy is being transferred or converted.
Choice A, 'The rate of change of energy,' is incorrect because power is about the rate of work or energy transfer, not just the change in energy.
Choice C, 'The measure of an object's potential energy,' is incorrect as power is not a measure of potential energy but rather the rate of energy transfer.
Choice D, 'The force exerted on an object,' is incorrect as power is related to work and energy transfer, not just force exerted.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement is that atomic radius increases down a group and decreases across a period. When moving down a group, additional electron shells increase the distance from the nucleus, leading to larger atomic radii. On the other hand, when moving across a period, the number of electron shells remains constant, but the increasing nuclear charge pulls electrons closer, resulting in smaller radii.
Choice B is incorrect because atomic radius does not decrease down a group and increase across a period.
Choice C is incorrect because atomic radius does not remain constant; it exhibits specific trends.
Choice D is incorrect because atomic radius follows predictable trends based on the periodic table structure, rather than fluctuating unpredictably.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Deamination is the correct answer. It is the process of removing an amino group from a molecule, like converting ammonia (NH3) into a less toxic form such as urea. Ammonia, a byproduct of protein digestion, must be converted into a less toxic form for excretion. Deamination is a crucial step that mainly occurs in the liver through the urea cycle. Transamination involves transferring an amino group from one molecule to another, not removing it as in deamination. Decarboxylation is the removal of a carboxyl group from a molecule, and hydrolysis is the breakdown of a compound by adding water.