teas 7 practice test science - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is simple squamous epithelium (
Choice
A). The inner surface of blood vessels is lined by a single layer of flattened cells, known as simple squamous epithelium. This epithelium type is thin and allows for efficient diffusion and filtration, which is essential for the exchange of gases and nutrients across blood vessel walls. Simple columnar epithelium (
Choice
B) is typically found in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract and is responsible for absorption and secretion. Stratified squamous epithelium (
Choice
C) is commonly found in the skin, providing protection against mechanical stress. Stratified columnar epithelium (
Choice
D) is not a characteristic epithelium type found in the lining of blood vessels, as it is more commonly present in specific regions of the body like parts of the male urethra and the conjunctiva of the eye.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale:
A) Ribosome: Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis and are not directly involved in controlling the progression of mitosis.

B) Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK): CDKs are a family of protein kinases that regulate the cell cycle, including the progression of mitosis. CDK activity is controlled by cyclins, which bind to CDKs to activate them at specific points in the cell cycle. The activation and degradation of cyclins regulate the activity of CDKs, which in turn control the progression of mitosis.

C) Centriole: Centrioles are involved in organizing the microtubules of the mitotic spindle but do not directly control the progression of mitosis.

D) Microtubule: Microtubules are structural components of the cytoskeleton and are involved in various cellular processes, including mitosis, but they do not control

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Gluconeogenesis is the correct answer. It is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or glycerol.
A) Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate to produce energy.
C) The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, generates energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
D) Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration where ATP is produced using energy derived from the electron transport chain.
Therefore, choices A, C, and D are not the processes involved in converting simple sugars into complex carbohydrates.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nephron is the correct answer as it is the microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood. It is composed of a renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule) and a renal tubule. The other options, such as (
A) Ureter, (
C) Renal pelvis, and (
D) Bladder, do not play a role in filtering blood within the kidney. The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. The renal pelvis is a part of the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureter. The bladder is an organ that stores urine until it is excreted from the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes within the cell that plays a crucial role in protein and lipid synthesis. It consists of two types: rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis, and smooth ER, which is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification. The ER's main function is to synthesize proteins and lipids, not just package and transport them. While the ER is involved in transporting these synthesized proteins and lipids to other parts of the cell or outside the cell, its primary role is in their synthesis. Breaking down macromolecules is primarily the function of lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles containing enzymes for digestion. Storing genetic material is the function of the nucleus, which houses the cell's DNA. The ER is not involved in storing genetic material.