Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The genotype provides information about the specific genetic makeup of an organism, including the alleles it possesses for a particular trait. This information is not always directly reflected in the phenotype, which is the observable physical characteristics of an organism. The genotype determines the proteins coded for by its alleles, but the phenotype is the expression of those proteins in the organism's traits.
Therefore, the genotype necessarily includes the proteins coded for by its alleles, a detail not provided solely by the phenotype.\n
Choice B is incorrect because the genotype may include dominant alleles as well, not just recessive ones.
Choice C is incorrect because the genotype refers to genetic information, not physical characteristics.
Choice D is incorrect because the genotype does not directly indicate what an organism's parents looked like; it primarily describes the genetic information inherited from parents.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Frontal/Coronal Plane. This plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves, the transverse plane separates the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. The horizontal plane is not a standard anatomical term for body division and does not provide division into front and back halves.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The corrected answer is C. Elastic arteries, like the aorta, are the largest arteries in the body. They possess elastic fibers in their walls, allowing them to stretch and recoil in response to the pulsatile nature of blood flow from the heart. This elasticity helps to maintain blood pressure by absorbing the pressure waves generated by the heart's contractions and ensuring continuous blood flow to the organs.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because elastic arteries are not the smallest arteries, do not constrict and dilate frequently, are not medium-sized arteries for distributing blood to various organs, and are not thin-walled arteries supplying blood to capillaries. Elastic arteries have a specific structure and function related to their ability to accommodate blood pressure changes due to their elastic properties, which is essential for the cardiovascular system's proper functioning.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Blood pressure is controlled by baroreceptors located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries that detect changes in blood pressure levels. When blood pressure is high, these receptors signal for adjustments to lower it. Additionally, hormones such as renin from the kidneys are released when blood pressure drops, further aiding in blood pressure regulation.
Choice A is incorrect because blood pressure regulation involves more than just adjusting heart rate; it also includes vasodilation and vasoconstriction.
Choice B is incorrect as while blood volume can impact blood pressure, it is not the primary mechanism of blood pressure control.
Choice D is incorrect as body temperature regulation is a separate physiological process and not directly related to blood pressure control.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ionic bonds typically form between a metal, which donates electrons from its s orbital, and a nonmetal, which accepts electrons into its p orbital. This transfer of electrons leads to the formation of an ionic bond.
Choice A is incorrect as elements in the same period may vary significantly in their properties.
Choice B is incorrect because ionic bonds are usually formed between a metal and a nonmetal, not two nonmetals.
Choice C is incorrect because transition metals generally form complex ions through the sharing of electrons, not typical ionic bonds.