ATI TEAS Science Questions - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The spleen acts as a blood filter, removing old or damaged red blood cells. It also plays a role in immune responses, storing blood reserves, and helping to fight infection. The production of bile is primarily associated with the liver, not the spleen. While the bone marrow is responsible for red blood cell production, the spleen's main functions do not include this process. Storing fat is not a primary function of the spleen.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The respiratory system's primary functions include delivering oxygen (O2) to the body's cells for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby aiding in the maintenance of blood pH. These functions are crucial for gas exchange and the overall metabolic processes within the body.
Choice A is incorrect as the respiratory system primarily delivers O2, not nutrients, and removes CO2, not delivering it.
Choice C is incorrect as while the respiratory system helps maintain blood pH by removing CO2, it does not primarily deliver nutrients.
Choice D is incorrect as it combines the functions of delivering O2 and nutrients, which are distinct roles of different systems in the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amino Acids. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain both an amine group and a carboxyl group. The carboxyl group (-COOH) is crucial for the structure and function of proteins as it participates in peptide bond formation. Carbohydrates and DNA do not typically contain carboxyl groups as a functional group. Glycolipids consist of a carbohydrate chain linked to a lipid, but they do not inherently contain a carboxyl group.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The diastole cycle in the heart refers to the relaxation phase, where the heart chambers relax and fill with blood. This phase is crucial for the heart to refill and prepare for the next contraction (systole), which pumps blood out of the heart.
Therefore, the correct answer is choice A, 'Relaxation of the heart.'

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect in the context of cardiac physiology.
Choice B, 'Contraction of the heart,' refers to systole, the phase of heart contraction.
Choice C, 'Pulse rate of the heart,' is related to the number of heartbeats per minute, not the diastole cycle specifically.
Choice D, 'Blood circulation,' is a broader term that encompasses the entire circulatory system rather than focusing on the heart's specific relaxation phase.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge, making it electrically charged. This term specifically refers to atoms with a net electrical charge. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, not electrically charged. Molecules are formed when atoms bond together, but they are not necessarily charged. Compounds are substances composed of different elements bonded together, but they may not be electrically charged.