Which part of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals from the sensory organs to the central nervous system?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals from the sensory organs to the central nervous system. It consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, including sensory nerves that carry information from the sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion, the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, and the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the coronary arteries is to carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Oxygenated blood is crucial for providing nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle cells, enabling the heart to work efficiently. Without this oxygenated blood supply, the heart muscle may not receive the required nutrients and oxygen, potentially resulting in heart damage or dysfunction. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as coronary arteries do not carry deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle, pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation, or regulate blood pressure in the systemic circulation. The coronary arteries specifically supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle to support its function and vitality.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nasal passages are responsible for humidifying and warming inhaled air before it reaches the lungs. The mucous membranes in the nasal passages help add moisture to the air and warm it to body temperature. This process is crucial for protecting the lung tissues from potential damage caused by cold and dry air, ensuring optimal conditions for respiration. The trachea (Choice A) is responsible for conducting air to and from the lungs, the larynx (Choice B) is involved in sound production and protecting the airway during swallowing, and the bronchi (Choice D) are the branches of the trachea that further divide to deliver air to the lungs but are not primarily responsible for humidifying and warming inhaled air.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The main function of lysosomes is to break down and recycle cellular waste materials, such as old organelles, foreign substances, and cellular debris. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and proper functioning. Storing carbohydrates (B), synthesizing lipids (C), and transcribing DNA into mRNA (D) are not functions typically associated with lysosomes. Storing carbohydrates is primarily done by other organelles like vacuoles. Synthesizing lipids is a function usually associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and transcribing DNA into mRNA occurs in the nucleus by the process of transcription.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Peristalsis is the correct term for the involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. These contractions help push food along the digestive system, facilitating digestion and absorption of nutrients. Segmentation, on the other hand, refers to the mixing and breaking down of food in the intestines, not the movement of food. Chyme is the semi-fluid mass of partially digested food in the stomach and small intestine, not the muscle contractions. Emulsification is the process of breaking down fat globules into smaller droplets to aid in digestion, not the movement of food through the digestive tract. Therefore, peristalsis is the most appropriate term for this function.