Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A neuron consists of three main parts: dendrites, axon, and cell body. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors. The cell body (soma) contains the nucleus and organelles essential for neuron function. The axon transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Choice A is incorrect because an effector is not a part of a neuron. Choice C is incorrect because a receptor is not a component of a neuron but rather interacts with neurons. Choice D is incorrect because the synapse is a junction between neurons for signal transmission, not a structural part of a neuron.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Cellular differentiation'. Cellular differentiation is the process by which simple cells become highly specialized cells. During cellular differentiation, cells acquire specific structures and functions that allow them to perform particular roles within an organism. This process involves the activation and silencing of specific genes, leading to the development of various cell types with distinct characteristics and functions. 'Cellular complication' (Choice A) is incorrect as it does not describe the specific process of cells becoming specialized. 'Cellular specialization' (Choice B) is not the most precise term for the process, as it does not capture the transformation from simple cells to specialized cells. 'Cellular modification' (Choice D) is incorrect as it is a vague term that does not specifically refer to the process of cellular specialization.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best course of action is to publish the results anyway, acknowledging that her hypothesis seems to have been incorrect. Science relies on accurate reporting and transparency, even if the results do not align with the original hypothesis. This allows for further discussion, analysis, and potentially new hypotheses to be developed based on the findings. It is essential in scientific research to report both positive and negative results to contribute to the body of knowledge and advance understanding in the field. Choice B is incorrect because persisting with the same experiment to force results to align with the hypothesis goes against scientific integrity and may lead to biased conclusions. Choice C is incorrect as changing the hypothesis after obtaining results is not scientifically sound and undermines the credibility of the research. Choice D is incorrect because science embraces the possibility of experimental results contradicting hypotheses, as this provides valuable insights for refining theories and expanding scientific knowledge.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Varicose veins occur when the valves within the veins become incompetent, leading to blood pooling in the veins instead of being efficiently pumped back to the heart. This causes the veins to become enlarged, twisted, and visible under the skin. Factors such as genetics, aging, pregnancy, and prolonged standing or sitting can contribute to the development of incompetent valves and the resulting varicose veins. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque in arteries, not veins, and does not directly cause varicose veins. Loss of skin turgor is related to skin elasticity and not a direct cause of varicose veins. Loss of blood vessel elasticity is a general term and does not specifically address the mechanism behind varicose veins, which is primarily due to incompetent valves.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Palms. The palms have the least amount of sweat glands compared to the other options listed. The back, axilla (armpits), and forehead are all areas with a higher concentration of sweat glands in the body. The palms have fewer sweat glands to minimize water loss and maintain a better grip for activities requiring precise and controlled movement. The back, axilla, and forehead have more sweat glands to assist in thermoregulation and cooling of the body, while the palms have fewer sweat glands for functional reasons related to grip and dexterity.