Which of the following is true regarding adipocytes?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Adipocytes are responsible for storing the fat found in adipose tissue. These specialized cells store energy in the form of fat and play a key role in energy balance and metabolism. Adipocytes do not secrete glucose; that function is typically attributed to other cells like pancreatic beta cells. Adipocytes are not involved in the digestive breakdown of fat, as this process primarily occurs in the gastrointestinal system with the help of enzymes. Adipocytes are distinct from the foundational elements of muscles, which are primarily made up of muscle fibers and associated connective tissues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of genetics, genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of the genotype with the environment. Red hair and a height of six feet are observable characteristics, making them part of the individual's phenotype. Therefore, both red hair and height are aspects of the individual's phenotype. Choices A and B are incorrect as they incorrectly assign one characteristic to the genotype and the other to the phenotype, which is not accurate. Choice C is incorrect as it states that both characteristics describe the genotype, which is inaccurate as they are observable traits. The correct answer is D, as both red hair and height are observable traits or characteristics, falling under the definition of phenotype in genetics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The statement provided in Option B is FALSE. Organs are actually made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions, rather than being composed of similar tissues. Organs consist of various tissues, each with their own specialized functions that collectively contribute to the overall function of the organ. Options A, C, and D are true statements. Option A correctly defines an organelle as a specialized structure in a cell, like a ribosome. Option C accurately describes organ systems as multiple organs working together to perform related functions. Option D correctly explains that a tissue is composed of different cells working together to carry out a specific function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Proteins consist of strings of amino acids. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins, and they are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein structure. This is a correct match between the nutrient (proteins) and its foundational components (amino acids). Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately match the foundational components of the respective nutrients. Carbohydrates are not formed by glucose molecules bonding together; they are made up of sugar molecules. Lipids consist of fatty acids and glycerol, but they are not nutrients typically associated with bonding for formation. Nucleic acids do consist of nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups, but they are not the correct match for the question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Weight gain when consuming excess calories is not an example of a homeostatic mechanism. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. The other options listed (A, B, and D) involve physiological responses aimed at restoring balance or stability within the body (e.g., regulating body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels). Shivering, increasing heart rate, and secreting insulin are mechanisms to counteract specific imbalances and maintain internal equilibrium. In contrast, weight gain due to excess calorie intake does not represent a specific regulatory mechanism but rather an outcome of energy imbalance. The body stores excess energy as fat rather than actively regulating a physiological parameter to restore balance.