Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Skull. The axial skeleton consists of bones along the body's central axis, including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the femur, humerus, and pelvis are part of the appendicular skeleton, which comprises the bones of the limbs and girdles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. While qualitative data can provide valuable insights, it does not inherently strengthen a scientific argument to the same extent as quantitative data. Quantitative data is generally more precise, measurable, and easier to verify, making it a stronger basis for scientific arguments. Choices A, C, and D all contribute to strengthening a scientific argument. Lack of bias ensures objectivity and reliability, reproducibility by others validates the findings, and standing the test of time indicates the enduring validity and reliability of the argument.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hydrophobic proteins are known for their ability to repel water and are often involved in providing structural support in cells and tissues. They help maintain the structural integrity and shape of cell membranes, organelles, and other cellular components. Choice A, digestive enzymes, typically consist of hydrophilic proteins that interact with water and substrates to facilitate digestion. Choice C, carrying oxygen molecules, is a function commonly associated with specific proteins like hemoglobin. Choice D, storing energy, is usually performed by proteins like enzymes involved in energy storage and release, such as glycogen phosphorylase.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pluripotent stem cells are capable of developing into many different cell types, but they cannot form a complete organism. Totipotent stem cells have the ability to give rise to all cell types in an organism, including extraembryonic tissues, enabling them to form a complete organism. Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into a limited range of cell types. Hematopoietic stem cells specifically give rise to blood cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Dendrite. Dendrites are the part of the neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. Axons transmit signals away from the cell body, synapse is the junction between neurons where neurotransmitters are released, and myelin sheath is a fatty layer that insulates and speeds up signal conduction along the axon. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect in the context of receiving signals from other neurons.