Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'skull.' The skull is part of the axial skeleton, not the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebrae, and ribs, is located down the center of the body and protects vital organs such as the brain and heart. On the other hand, the appendicular skeleton consists of bones of the arms, legs, and the bones that attach these limbs to the axial skeleton. Choices B, C, and D (clavicle, scapula, pelvic bone) are part of the appendicular skeleton as they form the bones of the limbs and girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Foods. The author of Passage 1 mentions language, ideas, and goods as examples of things that travel from place to place through the movement of peoples. There is no mention of food in the passage as something that is spread through human interaction. Fairy tales, language, and ideas are specifically highlighted in the text as elements that are transmitted through human interaction. While foods can be exchanged between cultures, the passage does not discuss them in the context of spreading through human interaction, making it the correct answer. Choice A (Fairy tales), B (Language), and C (Ideas) are all supported by the text as examples of things that travel through human environments, unlike food.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The statement 'Smokers tend to stink and create pervasive nastiness' is an opinion since it reflects the author's subjective view on the hygiene and social impact of smoking. The other choices, A, B, and C, are all factual statements based on research or observations without expressing a personal viewpoint. Choice A presents a statistic from the CDC, choice B discusses a comparison related to the cost of cigarettes, and choice C describes a potential consequence of smoking without inserting personal judgment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The information provided in the passage about the skeleton's structure and divisions, along with specific details like the number of bones and their functions, is characteristic of content found in a biography or a reference work focusing on anatomy. Biographies often include detailed factual information about historical figures, their lives, and aspects related to them, such as physical characteristics. A scholarly paper would delve deeper into analysis and research, rather than presenting basic factual information. The content in the passage is purely informative and factual, ruling out the possibility of it being part of a mystery or fictional story, which require narrative and plot elements rather than straightforward facts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The passage describes spelunking as 'hit the road towards it as soon as you can' and 'discover the wonders of the cool, dark earth even while it is weltering hot in the outside world.' This indicates that spelunking involves exploring inside a cave, making option A, 'exploring inside a cave,' the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the description of spelunking provided in the passage.