Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Progesterone, produced by the ovaries, is responsible for the development of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle and supports early pregnancy. While estrogen also plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, progesterone is specifically known for its role in preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining the uterine lining. Testosterone is primarily a male sex hormone and not directly involved in these processes. Prolactin is a hormone that is mainly associated with milk production and not related to the development of the uterine lining or early pregnancy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Produces hormones that regulate growth and metabolism. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it produces and releases hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. It does not filter blood or remove waste products (option B), store and release bile (option C), or produce red blood cells (option D). The pituitary gland's primary role is in hormone production and regulation, influencing many essential functions in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mitosis is the correct answer. Mitosis is the process by which somatic cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells. During mitosis, the genetic material is accurately replicated and distributed to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. This process is crucial for growth, repair, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the type of cell division that occurs in germ cells to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells), focusing on genetic diversity through recombination and reduction of chromosome number. Replication is the process of copying DNA to produce an identical copy, essential for cell division but not the specific process ensuring accurate genetic material transmission. Transcription involves copying DNA into RNA, crucial for gene expression but not directly related to the accurate transmission of genetic material during cell division.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: As the pH increases, the concentration of hydrogen ions decreases. The relationship is inversely proportional

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The cerebellum is the part of the brain that plays a crucial role in the regulation of balance, coordination, and posture. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to coordinate voluntary movements. While the thalamus is involved in relaying sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, the cerebrum is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought and action. The hypothalamus is involved in various bodily functions including the regulation of body temperature, hunger, and thirst, but it is not primarily responsible for balance, coordination, and posture. Therefore, the correct answer is the cerebellum.