What is the medical term for an ingrown hair?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Folliculitis. Folliculitis is the medical term for the inflammation of hair follicles, which can be caused by ingrown hairs. Hirsutism refers to excessive hair growth, pseudofolliculitis barbae is a condition where shaving causes ingrown hairs, and alopecia is hair loss. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically refer to ingrown hairs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sarcomeres are the fundamental contractile units of skeletal muscles and are responsible for muscle contraction. They consist of actin and myosin filaments that slide past each other during muscle contraction. Neurons are responsible for transmitting signals to and from muscles but are not directly involved in muscle contraction. Myofibrils are composed of sarcomeres and are the structures within muscle cells where muscle contractions take place. Tendons are connective tissues that attach muscles to bones and are not directly involved in muscle contraction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Potassium is the correct answer as it is essential for muscle function and nerve transmission. Potassium plays a crucial role in regulating muscle contractions, including the heart's beating, and is vital for transmitting electrical signals within the nervous system. Calcium (Choice A) is important for muscle contraction but is not the primary mineral for nerve transmission. Iron (Choice B) is important for oxygen transport in the blood. Sodium (Choice C) is important for fluid balance but is not primarily responsible for muscle function and nerve transmission.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The olfactory nerves, choice B, are a pair of cranial nerves that originate from the brain. They are responsible for the sense of smell and are the only cranial nerves that directly connect to the cerebrum. Spinal nerves, choice A, originate from the spinal cord, the sciatic nerve, choice C, is a large nerve that originates in the lower back, and the optic nerve, choice D, originates from the retina of the eye. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not originate directly from the brain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Atrophy is the correct term for the process by which muscle tissue wastes away due to disuse or lack of nutrients. It is essential to differentiate atrophy from hypertrophy, which is the increase in muscle size due to exercise or strength training. Fibrosis involves the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue, which is distinct from muscle wasting. Rigor mortis, on the other hand, is the stiffening of muscles that occurs after death and is not related to muscle wasting during life.