What is the main argument presented in the passage?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'The custom of tipping should be abolished in favor of paying servers a living wage.' The rationale is that the passage argues for eliminating tipping and ensuring servers receive a fair wage. This is supported by the idea that servers should be paid adequately rather than relying on tips. Choice B is incorrect because the passage does not support the idea that tipping enhances service quality; it argues for a living wage instead. Choice C is incorrect as there is no mention of paying servers based on performance in the passage. Choice D is incorrect as the passage does not focus on customers' enjoyment of tipping but rather on the need to abolish the practice for fairer wages.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The US Navy preferred to utilize technology developed by military engineers rather than consider Lamarr's invention. Choice A is incorrect because Hollywood containing spies is not relevant to why the US was not interested in Lamarr's invention. Choice C is incorrect as there is no mention of the military being too preoccupied to consider new inventions in the provided context. Choice D is incorrect as there is no indication that the US suspected Lamarr's patent to be invalid; rather, the focus was on the navy's preference for technology developed by military engineers.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) The author believes that we have underestimated the value of the contributions of lesser-known inventors. This inference is supported by the statement that the technologies resulting from Lamarr and Antheil's work are often taken for granted today. The author is highlighting the importance of recognizing and appreciating the innovations of individuals who may not be widely recognized in history but have made significant contributions. Option B) The author believes that the frequency-hopping system has damaged the potential of modern electronics is incorrect because there is no indication in the text that the system had a negative impact on modern electronics. In fact, the statement emphasizes the positive outcomes of their work. Option C) The author believes that the work of Lamarr and Antheil was instrumental to victory in World War II is incorrect as this statement goes beyond what is explicitly stated in the text. While their work may have had implications for the war effort, the text focuses on the broader impact of their technologies. Option D) The author believes we spend too much time using technologies derived from... is incorrect as it does not align with the author's point of view as expressed in the text. The emphasis is on undervaluing the contributions of these inventors, not on the amount of time spent using their technologies. Educationally, this question assesses the reader's ability to infer an author's perspective based on textual evidence. It reinforces the importance of recognizing the contributions of lesser-known figures in history and encourages critical thinking about the value of innovation and its impact on society.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, as it showcases Hedy Lamarr's determination and hard work towards achieving her goals. Despite facing challenges, such as not having many spoken lines in her roles, she persevered by teaching herself in her spare time. Choice A talks about her success in starring in American films but does not directly relate to her working earnestly. Choice B mentions her collaboration with Howard Hughes' science engineering team, which indicates involvement but not necessarily hard work towards personal goals. Choice C describes her becoming bored due to the lack of spoken lines in her roles and does not highlight her dedication and effort to achieve her aspirations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Hedy Lamarr's invention of a frequency-hopping system, along with George Antheil, laid the foundation for technologies like cellular phones, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. This significant contribution revolutionized communication technology. Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on the limitations of the era's technology rather than Lamarr's contributions. Choice B is incorrect as it briefly mentions her collaboration but does not directly relate it to technological advancements. Choice C is incorrect as it highlights her failed inventions, which are not indicative of her significant contributions to technology.