Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neutralization. When an acid and a base react, they neutralize each other's properties, resulting in the formation of water and a salt. Choice A, 'Precipitation,' refers to the formation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction. Choice C, 'Oxidation-reduction,' involves the transfer of electrons between reactants. Choice D, 'Photolysis,' is a reaction where a compound is broken down into smaller components by light energy. Therefore, the most appropriate term for a reaction between an acid and a base is neutralization.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. Elements are placed in rows (periods) and columns (groups) with similar properties. The elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This arrangement reveals a periodic repetition of chemical properties, forming the basis of the periodic law. Choice B, which suggests arranging elements based on increasing atomic mass, is incorrect because the periodic table is primarily organized by atomic number, not atomic mass. Choices C and D are also incorrect as the periodic table is not based on reactivity or color of elements, but rather on atomic number and properties.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere and is also released through human activities such as burning fossil fuels. B) Water vapor: Water vapor is a greenhouse gas that is naturally present in the atmosphere and plays a significant role in the Earth's climate system. C) Nitrogen: Nitrogen is not considered a greenhouse gas because it does not have the ability to absorb and emit infrared radiation in the same way that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane do. D) Methane: Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is released through natural processes such as wetland decomposition and human activities such as livestock farming and fossil fuel extraction. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Nitrogen, as it is not a greenhouse gas.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile salts are the main component of bile that aid in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Bile salts help emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets that can be more easily digested by enzymes. Proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins are not the main components of bile and do not play a significant role in fat digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Bile salts.' Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not the main components of bile and do not contribute to fat digestion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Esophagus. The esophagus is indeed the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. Food is transported down the esophagus via peristalsis, a series of muscle contractions. The pharynx is the area behind the mouth and nasal cavity, the trachea connects the larynx to the bronchi in the lungs, and the larynx is the voice box located in the throat. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect in the context of the question.