How does lymph move through the lymphatic vessels?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lymph moves through the lymphatic vessels due to the presence of one-way valves within the vessels. These valves prevent the backflow of lymph and help propel the fluid forward as muscles contract and relax or due to breathing movements. Unlike blood circulation, the lymphatic system does not rely on the pumping action of the heart to move lymph. Choice A is incorrect because lymphatic circulation does not depend on the pumping action of the heart. Choice B is partly correct as muscle contractions and breathing movements do assist in propelling lymph, but the primary mechanism is the presence of one-way valves within the vessels, making choice C the most accurate answer. Choice D is incorrect as not all options listed contribute to how lymph moves through the lymphatic vessels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The epiglottis plays a crucial role during swallowing by covering the trachea to prevent food or liquid from entering the airway, which could lead to aspiration. By acting as a lid over the trachea, it ensures that food passes down the esophagus to the stomach, preventing it from entering the lungs. Choice A is incorrect as the swallowing reflex is a coordinated muscular action involving the tongue and throat muscles. Choice B is incorrect as grinding food into smaller pieces is primarily the function of the teeth and the initial stages of digestion. Choice D is incorrect as the storage of saliva for lubrication is not a function of the epiglottis, but rather involves salivary glands.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The medical term specifically used to refer to a urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects the bladder is cystitis. Nephritis refers to inflammation of the kidneys, and urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra. As such, cystitis is the correct term for a UTI, making choice B the right answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they refer to different conditions affecting the urinary system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The vas deferens is the correct answer. It is the tube that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra during ejaculation. The vas deferens plays a crucial role in transporting mature sperm for ejaculation. The epididymis is responsible for sperm maturation and storage, not the direct passage of sperm to the urethra. The seminal vesicle produces fluid that combines with sperm to form semen but is not the tube for sperm transport. The urethra serves as the passageway for both urine and semen out of the body but is not the specific tube that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Immunosuppressive drugs work by suppressing the immune system's activity, which can increase the risk of infections as the body's ability to fight off pathogens is compromised. While allergies can be a side effect of some medications, the primary concern with immunosuppressive drugs is the increased susceptibility to infections. Therefore, the correct answer is B, increased susceptibility to infections. Choice A, 'Increased risk of developing allergies,' is incorrect as the primary risk associated with immunosuppressive drugs is not related to allergies. Choice C, 'Both A and B,' is incorrect as the main concern is the increased susceptibility to infections rather than developing allergies. Choice D, 'Neither A nor B,' is incorrect as there is a known risk of increased susceptibility to infections when using immunosuppressive drugs.