HESI RN Patho Pharmacology | Nurselytic

Questions 54

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HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions

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Question 1 of 5

The nurse is providing care for a client with a diagnosis of otosclerosis due to previous ear surgeries. Which type of pathological hearing loss supports the client’s clinical history?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Otosclerosis causes conductive hearing loss (
B) by immobilizing the stapes, impairing sound transmission. Presbycusis (
A) is age-related sensorineural loss. Endolymphatic (
C) relates to Ménière’s disease. Sensorineural loss (
D) involves inner ear/nerve damage.

Question 2 of 5

How are Type IV hypersensitivity reactions different from all other types (I, II, or III) of hypersensitivity reactions?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity is T-cell mediated, unlike types I-III, which are antibody-mediated (
A). B-lymphocytes (
B) produce antibodies for I-III, not IV. Type IV requires sensitization, not first exposure (
C). Cytokine release (
D) occurs in IV but isn’t unique.

Question 3 of 5

The nurse is caring for an older client who is on complete bed rest. The nurse notes hematuria when the client suddenly reports excruciating pain that radiates from the back to the groin. Which pathological process has contributed to the client’s clinical presentation of a possible renal calculi?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Increased calcium reabsorption (
C) causes hypercalciuria, promoting calcium stone formation, leading to pain and hematuria. Excessive urine output (
A) or fluid intake (
B) prevents stones. Serum alkalinity (
D) affects uric acid stones, not calcium.

Question 4 of 5

What is the inherent rate of the AV (atrioventricular) node area?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The AV node’s inherent pacemaker rate is 40-60 bpm (
A), slower than the SA node (60-100 bpm). 20-40 (
B) is too slow. 60-80 (
C) and 80-100 (
D) overlap with SA node rates.

Question 5 of 5

In the kidney, where are the mechanisms found that are responsible for increasing urine concentration?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The loop of Henle (
D) creates a hypertonic medullary gradient via countercurrent multiplication, concentrating urine. Calyx (
A) and renal pelvis (
C) collect urine. Proximal tubule (
B) reabsorbs nutrients, not concentrates urine.

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