HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a young adult who reports uncontrolled acne vulgaris. Which pathological findings should the nurse observe on inspection of skin areas commonly affected in acne vulgaris?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 10. Acne vulgaris causes comedones, papules, and pustules from sebaceous hyperactivity (
C) on face/neck/back. Skin tags (
A) are benign. Hyperpigmentation (
B) follows acne. Scaling plaques (
D) indicate psoriasis. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 2 of 5
A client with chronic osteoarthritis is troubled by knee pain. Which pathophysiological process is contributing to the pain?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 45. Osteoarthritis causes cartilage loss and osteophytes from chondrocyte injury (
C), leading to inflammation/pain. Gout involves crystals (
A). Rheumatoid arthritis involves immune complexes (
B) or autoimmune responses (
D). Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 3 of 5
In caring for an infant after circumcision, the nurse observes continued bleeding from the site and suspects hemophilia. Which hematological components are insufficient causing bleeding if hemophilia is present?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) or B (factor IX deficiency) (
A) impairs clotting, causing prolonged bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency (
B) affects factors II, VII, IX, X, not VIII. Low platelets (
C) cause thrombocytopenia, not hemophilia. Factors V and VII (
D) are unrelated.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is explaining the underlying cause of bruising with a client who is recently diagnosed with acute leukemia. Which pathophysiology is a result of the myeloblastic dysfunction of leukemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukemia causes thrombocytopenia (insufficient platelets) (
B), delaying clotting and causing bruising. Oxyhemoglobin (
A) relates to oxygen transport. Phagocytic cell deficiency (
C) increases infection risk. Iron deficiency (
D) causes anemia, not bruising.
Question 5 of 5
A large tree fell across the thighs of a man who works as a logger, producing a crushing injury. The muddy ground cushioned the impact and x-rays revealed no broken bones. His thighs are bruised and swollen with pedal pulses present, but the left is stronger than the right. It is most important for the nurse to include in this client’s plan of care assessment for signs of which pathophysiological condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Compartment syndrome (
D) risks tissue damage from increased pressure post-crush injury, indicated by swelling, bruising, and unequal pulses. Neuropathy (
A) involves nerve damage, not acute swelling. Osteomyelitis (
B) requires bone infection. Fat embolism (
C) is less likely without fractures.