HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Following a motor vehicle collision, an adult client is brought to the emergency department with a blood pressure of 72/50 mm Hg and a blood volume loss of approximately 40%. The nurse should plan care for this client based on which expected response to hemorrhaging?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemorrhage reduces blood volume, decreasing preload (
C), which lowers cardiac output and causes hypotension. Increased preload (
A) occurs in fluid overload. Hypotension triggers tachycardia, not reduced heart rate (
B). Peripheral resistance (
D) increases but is secondary.
Question 2 of 5
After the nurse obtains a blood sample from a client’s right radial arterial client reports a sudden onset of pain at the arterial line insertion site. The nurse recognizes which physiological effect may be inducing the sudden pain?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vasospasm (
B) at the arterial line site causes sudden pain by constricting vessels, reducing blood flow. Elevated BP (
A) causes generalized symptoms. A clot (
C) may cause ischemia but is less immediate. Air lock (
D) affects monitoring, not pain.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is explaining the underlying cause of bruising with a client who is recently diagnosed with acute leukemia. Which pathophysiology is a result of the myeloblastic dysfunction of leukemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 36. Leukemia-induced thrombocytopenia (
B) causes bruising by delaying clotting. Oxyhemoglobin (
A) is unrelated. Phagocytic deficiency (
C) affects infections. Iron deficiency (
D) causes anemia. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a young adult who reports uncontrolled acne vulgaris. Which pathological findings should the nurse observe on inspection of skin areas commonly affected in acne vulgaris?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 10. Acne vulgaris causes comedones, papules, and pustules from sebaceous hyperactivity (
C) on face/neck/back. Skin tags (
A) are benign. Hyperpigmentation (
B) follows acne. Scaling plaques (
D) indicate psoriasis. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 5 of 5
After brain surgery, a male client is lethargic and is having difficulty talking. His blood pressure is 146/122 mm Hg and his urine specific gravity is 1.055. These findings are consistent with which pathophysiological response to intracranial surgery?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SIADH (
B) causes water retention, concentrated urine (high specific gravity, 1.055), and hyponatremia, leading to lethargy, speech difficulty, and hypertension from cerebral edema. ADH hyposecretion (
A) causes dilute urine. Hypopituitarism (
C) affects multiple hormones. Septic shock (
D) involves hypotension.