HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
An adult client with extreme fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and bradycardia is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which laboratory findings is this client likely to exhibit?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypothyroidism involves decreased T3 and T4 with increased TSH (
C) as the pituitary compensates for low thyroid hormone. Increased T3/T4 with low TSH (
A) indicates hyperthyroidism. Increased T3/TSH (
B) is inconsistent. Decreased TSH/T3/T4 (
D) suggests secondary hypothyroidism.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for an older client who is on complete bed rest. The nurse notes hematuria when the client suddenly reports excruciating pain that radiates from the back to the groin. Which pathological process has contributed to the client’s clinical presentation of a possible renal calculi?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased calcium reabsorption (
C) causes hypercalciuria, promoting calcium stone formation, leading to pain and hematuria. Excessive urine output (
A) or fluid intake (
B) prevents stones. Serum alkalinity (
D) affects uric acid stones, not calcium.
Question 3 of 5
A client with chronic osteoarthritis is troubled by knee pain. Which pathophysiological process is contributing to the pain?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoarthritis involves chondrocyte injury, cartilage loss, and osteophyte formation (
C), causing inflammation and pain. Crystal deposition (
A) indicates gout. Immune complex/autoantibody (
B) and autoimmune IgG (
D) describe rheumatoid arthritis.
Question 4 of 5
After brain surgery, a male client is lethargic and is having difficulty talking. His blood pressure is 146/122 mm Hg and his urine specific gravity is 1.055. These findings are consistent with which pathophysiological response to intracranial surgery?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SIADH (
B) causes water retention, concentrated urine (high specific gravity, 1.055), and hyponatremia, leading to lethargy, speech difficulty, and hypertension from cerebral edema. ADH hyposecretion (
A) causes dilute urine. Hypopituitarism (
C) affects multiple hormones. Septic shock (
D) involves hypotension.
Question 5 of 5
In caring for an infant after circumcision, the nurse observes continued bleeding from the site and suspects hemophilia. Which hematological components are insufficient causing bleeding if hemophilia is present?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) or B (factor IX deficiency) (
A) impairs clotting, causing prolonged bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency (
B) affects factors II, VII, IX, X, not VIII. Low platelets (
C) cause thrombocytopenia, not hemophilia. Factors V and VII (
D) are unrelated.