HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with chronic osteoarthritis is troubled by knee pain. Which pathophysiological process is contributing to the pain?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 45. Osteoarthritis causes cartilage loss and osteophytes from chondrocyte injury (
C), leading to inflammation/pain. Gout involves crystals (
A). Rheumatoid arthritis involves immune complexes (
B) or autoimmune responses (
D). Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who experienced multiple invasive trauma from a motor vehicle collision and has developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Which pathophysiological process is most likely associated with the development of SIRS in this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SIRS from trauma involves a systemic inflammatory response progressing to multiple organ dysfunction (
A). AKI (
B) is a specific organ injury, not the overarching process. Intestinal obstruction (
C) is unrelated unless perforated. Sepsis (
D) involves infection, not specified here.
Question 3 of 5
An older male reports to the clinic nurse that he sometimes feels chest pressure and becomes breathless. He further describes an event where he had to sit for about one hour before he felt better. He is asymptomatic at rest, but is concerned that he has had a heart attack. This clinical picture is consistent with which cardiac ischemic event?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stable angina (
C) causes predictable chest pressure with exertion, relieved by rest, as described. MI (
A) involves prolonged pain and necrosis, not relieved by rest. Unstable angina (
B) occurs at rest or with increasing severity. Prinzmetal angina (
D) is due to coronary spasm, often at rest with ECG changes.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a school-aged child with Burkitt lymphoma. A review of the child’s laboratory results reveal serum calcium 8.1 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L), serum potassium 6.1 mEq/L (6.1 mmol/L), and serum phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). Which pathophysiological process is associated with the child’s laboratory results?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome (
B) causes hyperkalemia (potassium 6.1 mEq/L) and hyperphosphatemia (phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL) from rapid cancer cell breakdown, common in Burkitt lymphoma. Hypocalcemia (calcium 8.1 mg/dL) also occurs. Wilms tumor (
A) affects kidneys. Superior vena cava syndrome (
C) causes swelling. Hyperleukocytosis (
D) involves high WBCs.
Question 5 of 5
How are Type IV hypersensitivity reactions different from all other types (I, II, or III) of hypersensitivity reactions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity is T-cell mediated, unlike types I-III, which are antibody-mediated (
A). B-lymphocytes (
B) produce antibodies for I-III, not IV. Type IV requires sensitization, not first exposure (
C). Cytokine release (
D) occurs in IV but isn’t unique.