HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is explaining the underlying cause of bruising with a client who is recently diagnosed with acute leukemia. Which pathophysiology is a result of the myeloblastic dysfunction of leukemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 36. Leukemia-induced thrombocytopenia (
B) causes bruising by delaying clotting. Oxyhemoglobin (
A) is unrelated. Phagocytic deficiency (
C) affects infections. Iron deficiency (
D) causes anemia. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 2 of 5
An adult client with extreme fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and bradycardia is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which laboratory findings is this client likely to exhibit?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypothyroidism involves decreased T3 and T4 with increased TSH (
C) as the pituitary compensates for low thyroid hormone. Increased T3/T4 with low TSH (
A) indicates hyperthyroidism. Increased T3/TSH (
B) is inconsistent. Decreased TSH/T3/T4 (
D) suggests secondary hypothyroidism.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who experienced multiple invasive trauma from a motor vehicle collision and has developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Which pathophysiological process is most likely associated with the development of SIRS in this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SIRS from trauma involves a systemic inflammatory response progressing to multiple organ dysfunction (
A). AKI (
B) is a specific organ injury, not the overarching process. Intestinal obstruction (
C) is unrelated unless perforated. Sepsis (
D) involves infection, not specified here.
Question 4 of 5
A client with end stage emphysema is experiencing poor gas exchange. Which respiratory structure is associated with the pathophysiological processes in emphysema?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Emphysema involves alveolar wall destruction (
D), reducing gas exchange surface area, causing hypoxemia. Bronchioles (
A) are affected in asthma/bronchitis. Trachea (
B) is a conduit. Bronchi (
C) are involved in bronchitis, not emphysema.
Question 5 of 5
A client with a sudden onset of big toe joint pain and swelling is diagnosed with gout. Which pathophysiologic process is producing the symptoms of gout?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gout results from monosodium urate crystal deposition in joints (
A), causing inflammation and pain. Chondrocyte injury (
B) relates to osteoarthritis. Immune complex/autoantibody deposition (
C) and autoimmune IgG response (
D) describe rheumatoid arthritis.