HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The development of atherosclerosis is a process of sequential events. Arrange the pathophysiological events in order of occurrence. Place the first event on top, and the last on the bottom.
Correct Answer: A,D,C,E,B
Rationale: Atherosclerosis begins with endothelial injury and inflammation (
A), followed by macrophage LDL uptake forming foam cells (
D). Foam cells release growth factors (
C), prompting smooth muscle growth over fatty streaks, forming fibrous plaques (E). Plaques narrow vessels, causing ischemia (
B).
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is providing care for a client with a diagnosis of otosclerosis due to previous ear surgeries. Which type of pathological hearing loss supports the client’s clinical history?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Otosclerosis causes conductive hearing loss (
B) by immobilizing the stapes, impairing sound transmission. Presbycusis (
A) is age-related sensorineural loss. Endolymphatic (
C) relates to Ménière’s disease. Sensorineural loss (
D) involves inner ear/nerve damage.
Question 3 of 5
How are Type IV hypersensitivity reactions different from all other types (I, II, or III) of hypersensitivity reactions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity is T-cell mediated, unlike types I-III, which are antibody-mediated (
A). B-lymphocytes (
B) produce antibodies for I-III, not IV. Type IV requires sensitization, not first exposure (
C). Cytokine release (
D) occurs in IV but isn’t unique.
Question 4 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus develops an ulcer on the bottom of the foot. Which pathology is the primary contributing factor to the ability of the ulcer to heal?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Microvascular changes (
D) in diabetes impair blood flow, oxygen delivery, and nutrient supply, delaying ulcer healing. Sensory neuropathy (
A) contributes to ulcer formation, not healing. Hyperlipidemia (
B) affects macrovascular disease. Ketoacidosis (
C) is an acute complication, not directly affecting healing.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is triaging a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who presented to the emergency department with increased lethargy and Kussmaul respirations. A blood glucose test reveals a level of 525 mg/dL (28 mmol/L). Which laboratory results are consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DKA involves metabolic acidosis; pH 7.25 and bicarbonate 10 mEq/L (
C) indicate acidosis and bicarbonate depletion. pH 7.5 and bicarbonate 32 (
A) suggest alkalosis. pH 7.42 and bicarbonate 18 (
B) are near normal. pH 7.38 and bicarbonate 29 (
D) are normal.