HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for an older client who is on complete bed rest. The nurse notes hematuria when the client suddenly reports excruciating pain that radiates from the back to the groin. Which pathological process has contributed to the client’s clinical presentation of a possible renal calculi?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased calcium reabsorption (
C) causes hypercalciuria, promoting calcium stone formation, leading to pain and hematuria. Excessive urine output (
A) or fluid intake (
B) prevents stones. Serum alkalinity (
D) affects uric acid stones, not calcium.
Question 2 of 5
A client received midazolam 2 mg and morphine sulfate 4 mg for a liver biopsy. After the procedure, the nurse positions the client on the right side and monitors the vital signs. Which is the physiological reason for the nurse’s intervention?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Positioning on the right side (
A) applies pressure to the liver biopsy site, promoting hemostasis and reducing bleeding risk, as the liver is on the right. Aspiration prevention (
B) is relevant during anesthesia recovery, not post-biopsy. Pain management (
C) involves analgesics, not positioning. Pulmonary expansion (
D) is achieved via breathing exercises, not side-lying.
Question 3 of 5
A postmenopausal client presenting to the clinic with describing abdominal pain and an episode of unexplained vaginal Nearing receives a Pap smear (Papanicolaou test). Which medical history information should the nurse expect places the client at most risk for developing cervical cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HPV (
C), especially high-risk strains (16, 18), is the primary risk factor for cervical cancer, causing cellular changes in the cervix. HSV (
A) may increase HPV acquisition risk but isn’t directly causative. Vulvovaginitis (
B) and yeast infections (
D) cause inflammation but lack a direct link to cervical cancer.
Question 4 of 5
Three days after a cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, a client reports persistent upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back. The client has vomited three times in the last 12 hours and has a temperature of 101.8° F (38.7° C). Serum amylase and lipase are twice the normal value. Based on these findings, the nurse should observe the client for which pathophysiological condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated amylase/lipase, pain radiating to the back, vomiting, and fever suggest acute pancreatitis (
A), possibly triggered by gallstones. Surgical site infection (
B) lacks pancreatic markers. Hepatorenal failure (
C) involves kidney/liver dysfunction. Biliary obstruction (
D) may elevate bilirubin, not amylase.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who experienced multiple invasive trauma from a motor vehicle collision and has developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Which pathophysiological process is most likely associated with the development of SIRS in this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SIRS from trauma involves a systemic inflammatory response progressing to multiple organ dysfunction (
A). AKI (
B) is a specific organ injury, not the overarching process. Intestinal obstruction (
C) is unrelated unless perforated. Sepsis (
D) involves infection, not specified here.