HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A large tree fell across the thighs of a man who works as a logger, producing a crushing injury. The muddy ground cushioned the impact and x-rays revealed no broken bones. His thighs are bruised and swollen with pedal pulses present, but the left is stronger than the right. It is most important for the nurse to include in this client’s plan of care assessment for signs of which pathophysiological condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Compartment syndrome (
D) risks tissue damage from increased pressure post-crush injury, indicated by swelling, bruising, and unequal pulses. Neuropathy (
A) involves nerve damage, not acute swelling. Osteomyelitis (
B) requires bone infection. Fat embolism (
C) is less likely without fractures.
Question 2 of 5
What is the inherent rate of the AV (atrioventricular) node area?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The AV node’s inherent pacemaker rate is 40-60 bpm (
A), slower than the SA node (60-100 bpm). 20-40 (
B) is too slow. 60-80 (
C) and 80-100 (
D) overlap with SA node rates.
Question 3 of 5
A client’s morning laboratory test results include hemoglobin 11.0 g/dL (110 g/L) and hematocrit 34% (0.34 volume fraction). Based on these findings, this client is at risk for which pathophysiological findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low hemoglobin and hematocrit (11.0 g/dL, 34%) indicate mild anemia, causing fatigue and weakness (
A) from reduced oxygen delivery. Dysrhythmias (
B) occur in severe anemia. Fever/infection (
C) are unrelated. Clotting time (
D) is unaffected by anemia.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement is true regarding myocardial functioning in the normal heart, based upon the Frank Starling law?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Frank-Starling law states that increased preload (end-diastolic volume) stretches myocardial fibers, enhancing contractility and stroke volume (
C). Increased afterload (
A) raises systolic pressure, not decreases it. Decreased afterload (
B) reduces hypertrophy. Decreased preload (
D) reduces fiber length, not increases it.
Question 5 of 5
When developing a teaching plan for a client with peripheral artery disease, the nurse should explain that intermittent claudication occurs as the result of which underlying pathophysiology?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intermittent claudication results from arterial occlusion (
C), causing ischemic muscle pain during activity, relieved by rest. Elevation (
A) aids venous return. Redness when dependent (
B) suggests venous issues. Muscle atrophy (
D) is a late consequence.